Ten gigahertz microwave radiation impairs spatial memory, enzymes activity, and histopathology of developing mice brain

Abstract

Ten gigahertz microwave radiation impairs spatial memory, enzymes activity, and histopathology of developing mice brain Sharma A, Kesari KK, Saxena VK, Sisodia R. Ten gigahertz microwave radiation impairs spatial memory, enzymes activity, and histopathology of developing mice brain. Mol Cell Biochem. 2017 May 3. doi: 10.1007/s11010-017- 3051-8. Abstract For decades, there has been an increasing concern about the potential hazards of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields that are present in the environment and alarming as a major pollutant or electro-pollutant for health risk and neuronal diseases. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to explore the effects of 10 GHz microwave radiation on developing mice brain. Two weeks old mice were selected and divided into two groups (i) sham-exposed and (ii) microwave-exposed groups. Animals were exposed for 2 h/day for 15 consecutive days. After the completion of exposure, within an hour, half of the animals were autopsied immediately and others were allowed to attain 6 weeks of age for the follow-up study. Thereafter results were recorded in terms of various biochemical, behavioral, and histopathological parameters. Body weight result showed significant changes immediately after treatment, whereas non-significant changes were observed in mice attaining 6 weeks of age. Several other endpoints like brain weight, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, protein, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were also found significantly (p < 0.05) altered in mice whole brain. These significant differences were found immediately after exposure and also in follow-up on attaining 6 weeks of age in microwave exposure group. Moreover, statistically significant (p < 0.001) effect was investigated in spatial memory of the animals, in learning to locate the position of platform in Morris water maze test. Although in probe trial test, sham-exposed animals spent more time in searching for platform into the target quadrant than in opposite or other quadrants. Significant alteration in histopathological parameters (qualitative and quantitative) was also observed in CA1 region of the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and ansiform lobule of cerebellum. Results from the present study concludes that the brain of 2 weeks aged mice was very sensitive to microwave exposure as observed immediately after exposure and during follow-up study at 6 weeks of age. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Excerpt All animals were kept in such position, where the head of animals faced the horn antenna. The horn antenna was kept in H (Magnetic field) plane configuration, where electric field was perpendicular to the ground surface. Field was almost uniform because the dimension of the cage was of the order of wavelength. The maximum power density 0.25 mW/cm2 was recorded at the near field distance from the horn antenna. A power meter measured the emitted power of microwaves, which was a peak sensitive device ... The whole body specific absorption rate (SAR) was estimated to be 0.1790 W/kg ... Similar experiment with same number of sham- exposed animals was performed without energizing the microwave exposure system.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Compared with sham-exposed mice, microwave-exposed mice showed statistically significant alterations in multiple biochemical endpoints in whole brain (including lipid peroxidation, glutathione, protein, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) immediately after exposure and at follow-up (6 weeks of age). Spatial memory performance in the Morris water maze was reported as significantly affected (p<0.001), and histopathological alterations were observed in CA1 hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum.

Outcomes measured

• Spatial memory (Morris water maze)
• Body weight
• Brain weight
• Lipid peroxidation
• Glutathione
• Protein
• Catalase
• Superoxide dismutase
• Histopathology (CA1 hippocampus, cerebral cortex, ansiform lobule of cerebellum)

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in provided abstract/metadata
• Power density reported (0.25 mW/cm2) but dosimetry details beyond estimated whole-body SAR are not fully described in the provided text
• Animal study; generalizability to humans not addressed in provided text

Suggested hubs

• 5g-policy (0.35)
  Exposure frequency (10 GHz) falls within higher RF/microwave range relevant to discussions of advanced wireless bands, though this is an animal experiment rather than policy.

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": "horn antenna (experimental microwave exposure system)",
        "frequency_mhz": 10000,
        "sar_wkg": 0.178999999999999992450483432548935525119304656982421875,
        "duration": "2 h/day for 15 consecutive days"
    },
    "population": "Two-week-old mice (developing mice)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Spatial memory (Morris water maze)",
        "Body weight",
        "Brain weight",
        "Lipid peroxidation",
        "Glutathione",
        "Protein",
        "Catalase",
        "Superoxide dismutase",
        "Histopathology (CA1 hippocampus, cerebral cortex, ansiform lobule of cerebellum)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Compared with sham-exposed mice, microwave-exposed mice showed statistically significant alterations in multiple biochemical endpoints in whole brain (including lipid peroxidation, glutathione, protein, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) immediately after exposure and at follow-up (6 weeks of age). Spatial memory performance in the Morris water maze was reported as significantly affected (p<0.001), and histopathological alterations were observed in CA1 hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in provided abstract/metadata",
        "Power density reported (0.25 mW/cm2) but dosimetry details beyond estimated whole-body SAR are not fully described in the provided text",
        "Animal study; generalizability to humans not addressed in provided text"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "10 GHz",
        "microwave radiation",
        "developing mice",
        "Morris water maze",
        "oxidative stress",
        "antioxidant enzymes",
        "histopathology",
        "hippocampus",
        "cerebral cortex",
        "cerebellum",
        "SAR"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "5g-policy",
            "weight": 0.34999999999999997779553950749686919152736663818359375,
            "reason": "Exposure frequency (10 GHz) falls within higher RF/microwave range relevant to discussions of advanced wireless bands, though this is an animal experiment rather than policy."
        }
    ]
}

Comments

Log in to comment.

No comments yet.