Review on the impact of cell phone radiation effects on green plants

Abstract

Review on the impact of cell phone radiation effects on green plants Panda DK, Das DP, Behera SK, Dhal NK. Review on the impact of cell phone radiation effects on green plants. Environ Monit Assess. 2024 May 21;196(6):565. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-12623-0. Abstract The aim of this review is to assess the impact of cell phone radiation effects on green plants. Rapid progress in networking and communication systems has introduced frequency- and amplitude- modulated technologies to the world with higher allowed bands and greater speed by using high- powered radio generators, which facilitate high definition connectivity, rapid transfer of larger data files, and quick multiple accesses. These cause frequent exposure of cellular radiation to the biological world from a number of sources. Key factors like a range of frequencies, time durations, power densities, and electric fields were found to have differential impacts on the growth and development of green plants. As far as the effects on green plants are concerned in this review, alterations in their morphological characteristics like overall growth, canopy density, and pigmentation to physiological variations like chlorophyll fluorescence and change in membrane potential etc. have been found to be affected by cellular radiation. On the other hand, elevated oxidative status of the cell, macromolecular damage, and lipid peroxidation have been found frequently. On the chromosomal level, micronuclei formation, spindle detachments, and increased mitotic indexes etc. have been noticed. Transcription factors were found to be overexpressed in many cases due to the cellular radiation impact, which shows effects at the molecular level. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Conclusion Cellular radiation affects plant seed germination, physiological, biochemical, cytogenetic, and molecular characters. In some cases, the effect has been shown to be positive. There is definitely some impact of these radiations; still there are controversies. Negative impacts can be described as heating stress or charged effect of electric fields, but how the changes are positive nobody explains. Where the positive changes happen or on what frequency, and if power and SAR value is required have not been described. Not much research was found on wild plants, despite having more height and highly exposed in field conditions. Molecular changes in level of mRNA transcriptions have been seen with very less numbers of publications. Changes in the level of ion transports and electron transport chains have been done in very less numbers. Physical absorption and behavior of plant tissues have to be done more widely. The importance of these studies is most crucial because of the increased demand of technology with more number of users and requirement of high-end communication. Vast research in this field is required in order to avoid further hazards.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

The review reports that cellular radiation exposure has been associated with changes in plant growth and development, including morphological and physiological alterations, increased oxidative status and lipid peroxidation, cytogenetic changes (e.g., micronuclei formation), and molecular changes such as overexpression of transcription factors. The authors note that some studies report positive effects, but there are controversies and insufficient detail in the literature about conditions (e.g., frequency, power, SAR) under which positive changes occur.

Outcomes measured

• seed germination
• morphological characteristics (overall growth, canopy density, pigmentation)
• physiological measures (chlorophyll fluorescence, membrane potential)
• oxidative status
• macromolecular damage
• lipid peroxidation
• cytogenetic/chromosomal effects (micronuclei formation, spindle detachments, mitotic index)
• molecular effects (transcription factor overexpression, mRNA transcription changes)

Limitations

• Review notes controversies and that some reported positive effects are not well explained
• Specific exposure conditions (frequency, power density, SAR) for observed effects are often not described in the literature summarized
• Limited research reported on wild plants under field conditions
• Few publications on molecular changes at the level of mRNA transcription
• Few studies on ion transport and electron transport chain changes
• Need for more research on physical absorption/behavior of plant tissues

{
    "study_type": "review",
    "exposure": {
        "band": null,
        "source": "cell phone",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "green plants",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "seed germination",
        "morphological characteristics (overall growth, canopy density, pigmentation)",
        "physiological measures (chlorophyll fluorescence, membrane potential)",
        "oxidative status",
        "macromolecular damage",
        "lipid peroxidation",
        "cytogenetic/chromosomal effects (micronuclei formation, spindle detachments, mitotic index)",
        "molecular effects (transcription factor overexpression, mRNA transcription changes)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "The review reports that cellular radiation exposure has been associated with changes in plant growth and development, including morphological and physiological alterations, increased oxidative status and lipid peroxidation, cytogenetic changes (e.g., micronuclei formation), and molecular changes such as overexpression of transcription factors. The authors note that some studies report positive effects, but there are controversies and insufficient detail in the literature about conditions (e.g., frequency, power, SAR) under which positive changes occur.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "Review notes controversies and that some reported positive effects are not well explained",
        "Specific exposure conditions (frequency, power density, SAR) for observed effects are often not described in the literature summarized",
        "Limited research reported on wild plants under field conditions",
        "Few publications on molecular changes at the level of mRNA transcription",
        "Few studies on ion transport and electron transport chain changes",
        "Need for more research on physical absorption/behavior of plant tissues"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "cell phone radiation",
        "cellular radiation",
        "green plants",
        "seed germination",
        "oxidative stress",
        "lipid peroxidation",
        "chlorophyll fluorescence",
        "membrane potential",
        "micronuclei",
        "mitotic index",
        "transcription factors"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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