Effects of Simultaneous In-Vitro Exposure to 5G-Modulated 3.5 GHz and GSM-Modulated 1.8 GHz Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Neuronal Network Electrical Activity and Cellular Stress in Skin Fibroblast Cells
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This in-vitro study exposed primary cortical neurons and human immortalized skin fibroblasts to simultaneous 5G-modulated 3.5 GHz and GSM-modulated 1.8 GHz RF-EMF at SARs of 1 or 4 W/kg. It reports no significant changes in neuronal network firing/bursting activity and no alteration of mitochondrial ROS in…
APPLICATION OF TIME-AVERAGED AND INTEGRAL-BASED MEASURE FOR MEASUREMENT RESULTS VARIABILITY REDUCTION IN GSM/DCS/UMTS SYSTEMS.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This exposure-assessment study evaluated temporal variability of RF-EMF levels from GSM/DCS/UMTS networks using continuous personal exposimeter logging. It proposes an integral-based measure (accumulated energy density from instantaneous power density) alongside 24 h time-averaging to reduce variability in daily…
Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies in Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) rats exposed to whole-body radio frequency radiation at a frequency (900 MHz) and modulations (GSM and CDMA) used by cell phones
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This National Toxicology Program technical report describes 900 MHz whole-body RFR exposures (GSM and CDMA) in male and female Sprague Dawley rats from in utero through up to 2 years. The report concludes clear evidence of carcinogenic activity in males for both modulations based on malignant schwannoma of the heart,…
Symptom Presentation in Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance With Attribution to Electromagnetic Fields: Evidence for a Nocebo Effect Based on Data Re-Analyzed From Two Previous Provocation Studies.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This paper re-analyzes data from two prior double-blind provocation studies involving RF base station signals and sham exposures. Symptoms and reduced well-being were more strongly associated with participants' belief that the base station was "on" than with the exposure condition itself. The authors conclude that a…
The effects of microwave radiation on rabbit's retina.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This experimental rabbit study evaluated retinal effects of GSM cell phone simulator microwave irradiation at different distances and durations. ERG outcomes 7 days after exposure showed no statistically significant differences between groups, although irradiated eyes showed non-significant trends toward greater…
NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies: GSM- and CDMA-modulated Cell Phone RFR, NTP TR 595
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This NTP technical report describes long-term rat studies exposing animals to 900 MHz GSM and CDMA-modulated radiofrequency radiation at whole-body SAR levels of 0, 1.5, 3, and 6 W/kg, including exposure beginning before birth. The abstract reports NTP concluded there was "clear evidence" for malignant schwannoma of…
Effect of Exposure to 900 MHz GSM Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Radiation on Estrogen Receptor Methylation Status in Colon Cells of Male Sprague Dawley Rats
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Mar 1, 2017
This animal study exposed male Sprague-Dawley rats to 900 MHz GSM mobile phone RF radiation for 4 hours and assessed ERα promoter methylation in colon tissue. The authors report altered ERα methylation patterns versus controls after RF exposure. They also report no radioadaptive response in ERα methylation following…
Effect of long-term exposure of mice to 900 MHz GSM radiation on experimental cutaneous candidiasis.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study examined whether long-term 900 MHz GSM-like microwave exposure affects experimentally induced cutaneous candidiasis in BALB/c mice. Exposed mice reportedly had delayed wound healing and higher Candida loads in skin lesions compared with unexposed mice. Following systemic Candida challenge, exposed…
Iron deposition in rabbit cerebellum after exposure to generated and mobile GSM electromagnetic fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study examined iron distribution in rabbit cerebellum after exposure to RF electromagnetic fields, using light and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive microanalysis. The authors report dystrophic changes in Purkinje cells in irradiated groups and deposits containing multiple elements…
Effects of mobile phone use on specific intensive care unit devices.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2008
This study tested electromagnetic interference from GSM and CDMA mobile phones placed one foot from ICU devices (syringe pump, mechanical ventilator, bedside monitor) in off, standby, and talk modes. EMI was observed for the syringe pump in talk mode, with a mean 2.66 ml variation between calculated and delivered…
The effect of GSM-like ELF radiation on the alpha band of the human resting EEG.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2008
This double-blind, counterbalanced cross-over study investigated whether extremely low frequency (DC to at least 40 kHz) fields emitted by GSM handsets affect resting EEG. In 72 healthy volunteers, the authors report a decrease in the alpha band during 20 minutes of ELF exposure in the exposed hemisphere only. They…
Effects of electromagnetic field produced by mobile phones on the oxidant and antioxidant status of rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2007
This rat study examined whether EMR from GSM mobile phones affects oxidant/antioxidant status. Compared with controls, exposed rats had lower plasma antioxidant vitamins (C, E, A), reduced glutathione, and lower CAT and SOD activities. The acute exposure condition was reported to produce larger decreases than the…
[Assessment of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields levels in the Taranto area].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2007
This study reports punctual monitoring of RF electromagnetic fields from radiobase stations in the Taranto area, with measurement campaigns conducted from November 2005 to March 2007. Measurements covered 108 transmitting stations across multiple communication technologies within 100 kHz to 3 GHz. Most monitored…
Comparison of the effects of continuous and pulsed mobile phone like RF exposure on the human EEG.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2007
This study tested whether GSM-like RF exposure affects resting human EEG, focusing on alpha band power and non-linear EEG features. Using a fully counterbalanced cross-over design with 12 participants and a dipole antenna intended to better resemble handset exposure, the authors found no changes after 15 minutes of…