This PubMed-listed in vitro study tested whether 1800 MHz RF-EMF exposure can modify chemically induced DNA damage in mouse embryonic fibroblasts under standardized, non-thermal conditions. The authors report RF-EMF alone did not produce detectable DNA damage and did not significantly increase damage from hydrogen peroxide, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, or cadmium. However, co-exposure with hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) was reported to synergistically increase DNA damage in the comet assay, which the authors interpret as possible selective exacerbation of Cr(VI)-induced genotoxicity requiring further investigation.

This in vitro study tested whether 1800 MHz RF-EMF modifies chemically induced DNA damage in mouse embryonic fibroblasts under non-thermal exposure conditions. RF-EMF alone did not produce detectable DNA damage and did not significantly enhance damage from hydrogen peroxide, 4NQO, or cadmium. In contrast, co-exposure with hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) was reported to synergistically increase DNA damage, suggesting a selective co-genotoxic interaction under specific chemical conditions.

This animal study exposed rats to a 1800 MHz electromagnetic field for 12 weeks and assessed hormones, sperm quality, and behavior. The abstract reports increased corticosterone, decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone, reduced sperm motility/viability, and increased anxiety-like behavior in exposed rats. Some hormonal changes reportedly persisted for at least 2 weeks after exposure ended, and the authors frame the results as indicating adverse endocrine, reproductive, and behavioral effects.

This animal study exposed fertilized chick eggs to a nearby 1800 MHz mobile phone that was called repeatedly (50 minutes/day) and assessed embryos at days 10 and 15. The exposed group reportedly showed mitochondrial abnormalities in liver, brain, and heart tissues on electron microscopy, along with increased HSP70 in cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. The authors conclude that radio-frequency electromagnetic waves can induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in developing embryos.

This rat study examined whether pulse-modulated 900 MHz and 1800 MHz RF exposure affects blood-brain barrier permeability using Evans blue dye. The abstract reports increased permeability in male rats at both frequencies (stronger at 1800 MHz) and in female rats at 900 MHz but not at 1800 MHz. The authors suggest mobile-phone-like RF exposure could increase blood-brain barrier permeability under non-thermal conditions, while noting that further mechanistic studies are needed.