The promising regenerative potential of pulsed electromagnetic fields toward tendon differentiation : a hamstring tendon explant culture study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This ex vivo 3D hamstring tendon explant culture study exposed samples from nine donors to pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) for 21 days, eight hours per day. The authors report increased expression of tendon-related markers (scleraxis, collagen I and VI) and tenogenic differentiation-related players (c-Fos and…
Electromagnetic Field Influence on the Bioavailability and Accumulation of Ketoprofen.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This in vitro/ex vivo study tested whether different magnetic-field configurations alter ketoprofen properties and its transdermal delivery in porcine skin using Franz diffusion cells. The authors report no change in ketoprofen molecular structure, but subtle changes in crystal structure and physicochemical…
Impact of various electromagnetic fields on the transdermal permeability of naproxen and the effect of active compound exposure on magnetic field properties.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This ex vivo study tested whether different magnetic-field modalities change transdermal delivery of naproxen through pigskin. Rotating magnetic fields (RMF) at 50 Hz produced the greatest increase in permeation metrics versus a no-EMF control, while negatively polarized static fields reduced permeation.…
Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Increase Cytokines in Human Hair Follicles through Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This in vitro/ex vivo study examined extremely low-frequency EMF exposure in human hair bulb spheroids and hair follicle organ cultures. The authors report no toxicity and increased expression of anagen-related markers and multiple cytokines/growth factors at 5–20 G, with 10 G for 60 minutes associated with increased…
The Time-Dependence of Three Different Modes of ELF-EMF Stimulation on LTP at Schaffer Collateral-CA1 Synapses.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This animal ex vivo study tested whether short-term 15 Hz/2 mT ELF-EMF exposure alters LTP at rat hippocampal SC-CA1 synapses. Across sinusoidal, pulsed, and rhythm-pulsed modes, the authors report reduced LTP versus control, with greater inhibition at longer exposure durations (10–60 s). Sinusoidal stimulation…
Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Radiation Alters Estrogen Release from the Pig Myometrium during the Peri-Implantation Period.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This ex vivo animal-tissue study tested whether ELF-EMF exposure (50 or 120 Hz for 2 or 4 hours) alters estrogenic activity in pig myometrium during the peri-implantation period. The authors report EMF-associated changes in estrogen-related gene transcripts and aromatase abundance, with progesterone diminishing some…
Gene Expression Analysis in Human Peripheral Blood Cells after 900 MHz RF-EMF Short-Term Exposure.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This ex vivo/in vitro study exposed peripheral blood cells from five human donors to a 900 MHz continuous-wave RF-EMF for up to 90 minutes (average SAR 9.3 W/kg). After false discovery rate adjustment, the authors report no EMF-specific gene expression changes on microarray analysis. Although low-stringency analysis…
Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure Enhances Extracellular Trap Formation by Human Neutrophils through the NADPH Pathway
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This in vitro/ex vivo study examined whether low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure affects human neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. The authors report that LF EMF exposure enhanced NET formation and that this effect depended on the NADPH oxidase pathway and reactive oxygen species production. They…
Comparison between different thickness umbrella-shaped expandable radiofrequency electrodes (SuperSlim and CoAccess): Experimental and clinical study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2011
This experimental and clinical study compared two umbrella-shaped expandable radiofrequency ablation electrodes (SuperSlim vs CoAccess) across different ablation algorithms. In ex vivo bovine liver, CoAccess generally produced larger ablation areas and required longer ablation times than SuperSlim, with no…