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Mercury release from dental amalgam restorations after magnetic resonance imaging and following mobile phone use.

Research Paper Discussions

RFK Jr. Was Right to Pull FDA’s Blanket “Cell Phone Radiation Is Safe” Assurances

Independent Voices RF Safe Jan 19, 2026

This RF Safe commentary argues that HHS, under Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., was correct to remove FDA webpages that gave broad assurances that cell phone radiation is “not dangerous.” It claims blanket safety messaging is scientifically indefensible given animal toxicology findings (notably the U.S. National Toxicology Program studies), a WHO-commissioned systematic review of animal cancer studies (Mevissen et al., 2025), and references to federal court findings. The piece frames the change as a precautionary, science-based correction rather than an anti-science move.

Cell Phone Radiation: What HHS/FDA actually did—and why that matters

Independent Voices RF Safe Jan 19, 2026

This RF Safe commentary argues that Reuters-reported actions by HHS and FDA—launching an HHS study and removing older FDA webpages stating cellphones are “not dangerous”—should be understood as a risk-communication/scientific-integrity adjustment rather than a declaration of confirmed harm. It contends that categorical safety messaging is not justified given mixed evidence, citing the D.C. Circuit’s 2021 decision criticizing FCC reliance on conclusory FDA statements, along with selected human, animal, and mechanistic literature. The post calls for more uncertainty-aware, evidence-graded public messaging about RF exposure from phones.

RFK Jr., HHS, and the FDA’s Cell Phone Radiation Reset

Policy RF Safe Jan 17, 2026

This RF Safe article reports that in mid-January 2026 HHS, led by Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., removed or redirected certain FDA webpages that previously conveyed strong “no-risk” conclusions about cellphone radiation. It argues the updated FDA framing emphasizes statutory duties (monitoring, testing, hazard control) and signals a shift from definitive safety messaging toward renewed inquiry, while noting that details of any planned research have not been publicly disclosed. The piece also highlights Kennedy’s past public statements alleging harms from Wi‑Fi/5G and links the policy context to the 2021 D.C. Circuit remand of FCC RF policy.

High-Certainty RF Harms vs. 1996 Rules: Why Prudent Avoidance Is Now the Only Responsible Default

Independent Voices RF Safe Jan 2, 2026

This RF Safe commentary argues that U.S. RF exposure protections remain anchored to “thermal-only” assumptions from the 1990s despite what it describes as newer WHO-commissioned systematic reviews elevating certain animal cancer endpoints and a male fertility endpoint to “high certainty.” It contrasts these claims with a WHO-commissioned review of human observational studies that reportedly found mobile-phone RF exposure is likely not associated with increased risk of several head/brain tumors, arguing that this is often overgeneralized in public messaging. The piece calls for “prudent avoidance,” updates to FCC rules, and highlights legal and policy constraints such as federal preemption under the Telecommunications Act and a 2021 D.C. Circuit decision criticizing the FCC’s rationale for retaining its RF limits without adequate explanation.

Rouleaux in Real Time: Ultrasound Evidence, Red Blood Cells, and the S4–Mito–Spin Mechanism

Independent Voices RF Safe Dec 30, 2025

RF Safe argues that red blood cell (RBC) “rouleaux” (stacking/aggregation) could be a visible, testable endpoint for investigating potential short-term physiological effects from wireless device exposure. The post highlights a 2025 report by Brown & Biebrich describing ultrasound observations interpreted as rouleaux-like aggregation after 5 minutes of smartphone placement near the popliteal vein, and contrasts this with earlier, more-criticized “live blood analysis” videos. It frames rouleaux as an electrostatic/zeta-potential phenomenon and calls for mechanistic testing and exposure mitigation, while presenting the ultrasound observation as a key shift toward more clinically standard imaging.

Intercomparisons of computed epithelial/absorbed power density & temperature rise in anatomical human face models under localized exposures at 10 & 30 GHz

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This dosimetry intercomparison evaluated epithelial/absorbed power density and temperature rise in two high-resolution anatomical human face models under localized antenna exposures at 10 and 30 GHz. The study reports a statistical correlation between spatially averaged absorbed power density and temperature rise when appropriate averaging is applied. Antenna type/configuration was identified as the dominant contributor to variability, exceeding differences from averaging methods or anatomical models.

Definition and Validation of an Exposure Measurement Method for a Typical Load of a Base Station

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This exposure-assessment study proposes and validates a method to measure instantaneous RF exposure under typical base station load by generating defined data rates (low/medium/high) using iPerf and measuring channel power across services. Validation at four base stations suggests the approach is reliable across different times of day and loads, with reproducible results when averaging over 30 sweeps. Comparisons indicate iPerf-provoked constant data rates generally match exposure during real application usage, with few deviations beyond stated uncertainty.

Analysis of Actual Transmitted Power from Hundreds of 5G FR2 Radio Base Stations over One Month in Urban Areas in Japan

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This exposure/compliance assessment study collected 5- and 30-minute transmitted power data over one month from more than 400 5G FR2 beamforming base stations in urban Japan to evaluate the IEC 62232:2025 “actual maximum approach.” All measured transmitted powers were below configured maxima, with 30-minute averaged normalized maxima reported as < -8 dB, while 5-minute averaged maxima reached about -3 dB under low UE counts. The authors report that the actual maximum approach can avoid overestimation for longer averaging times, but may underestimate exposure for stations with three or fewer UEs if power is not monitored and controlled.

Modeling the interplay between myelin architecture and local electromagnetic fields

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This engineering/modeling study developed a 3D myelin microstructure model using finite element analysis and high-resolution imaging to simulate local electromagnetic field distributions. It reports that myelin architecture substantially shapes the distribution of electromagnetic fields across neural tissues. The authors suggest these field variations could potentially serve as non-invasive indicators of myelin integrity and may support tracking neurodegenerative disease progression.

Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Effects on Intrinsically Disordered Proteins and Their Role in Aging and Neurodegeneration

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This review discusses preclinical studies suggesting non-ionizing EMF exposures can produce beneficial biological effects, while noting ongoing controversy about mechanisms. It reports evidence of EMF-associated conformational changes in intrinsically disordered proteins relevant to neurodegeneration and describes RF exposure conditions that activate proteostasis and autophagy in cell and animal models. The authors propose a quantum-biophysical framework involving the water-protein interface and suggest potential human applications within regulatory safety thresholds.

Exposure Variability Between 1- or 6-Minute and 30-Minute Averaging Time Lengths in Radiofrequency-Electromagnetic Field Exposure Monitoring

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This exposure assessment study compared RF-EMF measurements averaged over 1, 6, and 30 minutes using contiguous 1-minute data collected over 30 minutes at four indoor/outdoor sites across 15 frequency bands. Relative deviations between shorter averaging times and 30-minute averages were largely within ±3 dB. However, statistical comparisons of overall exposure variability between 1- or 6-minute and 30-minute averaging produced inconsistent results, with broadcast and most mobile services <2 GHz appearing broadly similar between 1- and 6-minute averaging.

Experience of Polish Physicians on Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This cross-sectional questionnaire study surveyed 355 Polish physicians about EMF health effects and electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS). Physicians reported limited knowledge and low familiarity with WHO guidance for managing people who believe they are hypersensitive to EMF, though most were willing to learn more. Many physicians reported encountering patients attributing symptoms to EMF, which the authors frame as highlighting a need for improved physician education and reliable public information.

Weak anthropogenic electric fields affect honeybee foraging

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This animal ecology study reports that weak anthropogenic-like airborne electric fields can reduce honeybee floral landing rates. It reports deterrent effects for AC and positive DC fields, with no statistically significant effect for negative DC fields. The authors also report that electric fields measured near high-voltage power lines can match the levels that affected bees and extend tens of meters at foraging-relevant heights.

Standards: Exposure Limits for Brief High Intensity Pulses of Radiofrequency Energy Between 6 and 300 GHz

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This standards-focused paper evaluates ICNIRP and IEEE (C95.1-2019) exposure limits for brief, high-intensity pulsed RF-EMF between 6 and 300 GHz, particularly when exposures vary within the 6-minute averaging window. Using numerical and analytical modeling with a one-dimensional thermal tissue model, it reports differences in protection against transient skin heating, with IEEE described as more conservative than ICNIRP. The authors propose an adjustment to pulse fluence limits to improve consistency of protection and note that nonthermal and thermoacoustic effects were not analyzed.

Perspectives on terahertz honeybee sensing

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This paper describes measurements and simulations to support terahertz (THz) sensing of European honey bees for environmental monitoring. It reports dielectric characterization of bee body parts across 1–500 GHz, scattering-based validation of 3D-printed bee mockups, and THz imaging demonstrating detailed anatomical visualization. The work includes dosimetric simulations at 300 GHz to evaluate feasibility of non-invasive, continuous monitoring and notes potential relevance to assessing high-frequency EMF impacts on insect health and habitat safety.

Skin Fibroblasts from Individuals Self-Diagnosed as Electrosensitive Reveal Two Distinct Subsets with Delayed Nucleoshuttling of the ATM Protein in Common

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This study reports on 26 adults self-diagnosed with electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) who provided skin biopsies to generate primary fibroblast lines. The authors describe two EHS subsets based on questionnaire and DNA damage-related measures, and report delayed ATM nucleoshuttling after X-ray exposure in all samples, interpreted as impaired DNA repair signaling. They propose a molecular model linking EHS to ATM pathway dysfunction and suggest this could relate to increased cancer risk or accelerated aging.

5G EMF Exposure at 3.6 GHz in Greece Using Data From Frequency-Selective Monitoring Sensors

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This exposure-assessment study analyzed two years of continuous frequency-selective monitoring from 13 sensors in the five largest cities in Greece, focusing on the 3.6 GHz 5G band. It reports a gradual increase in 3.6 GHz environmental EMF levels over time and greater variability than legacy cellular bands, with 30-minute averaging reducing observed fluctuations. Despite the upward trend and variability, all measurements were reported to remain well below Greek and ICNIRP reference levels, and the authors emphasize the value of continuous monitoring as 5G deployment expands.

An approach for annual analysis of EMF exposure in highly sensitive areas of kindergartens and schools

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This paper proposes a time-averaging approach for analyzing long-term EMF exposure using time-series data from three sensors in a regulatory monitoring network. Sensors were installed at two kindergartens and one elementary school, and analyses reported daily/weekly patterns, differences between weekdays and weekends, and site-specific annual increases/decreases. The work emphasizes the value of continuous monitoring in sensitive areas, while not directly assessing health outcomes.

Assessment of RF EMF Exposure to Car Driver from Monopole Array Antennas in V2V Communications Considering Thermal Characteristics

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This modeling study assessed RF-EMF exposure from a 5.9 GHz V2V monopole array antenna integrated into a car roof shark-fin antenna. Using COMSOL simulations with an adult male body model inside a vehicle, the authors estimated localized and whole-body SAR and associated core temperature rise over a 30 min averaging period. Reported SAR and temperature rise values were below ICNIRP occupational thermal-based restrictions, leading the authors to conclude the exposure does not pose a threat under the studied conditions.

Sensation of electric fields in the Drosophila melanogaster larva

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This animal study reports that Drosophila melanogaster larvae can sense electric fields and exhibit robust electrotaxis toward the cathode in controlled environments. The authors identify head-tip sensory neurons required for this behavior and report calcium-imaging evidence that Gr66a-positive neurons encode field strength and orientation. The work supports electrosensation as a functional sensory modality in Drosophila larvae and demonstrates measurable neural and behavioral responses to electric fields under the studied conditions.

A Decision Support System for Managing Health Symptoms of Living Near Mobile Phone Base Stations

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2024

This analytical study evaluated machine learning models (SVM and Random Forest) to predict health symptoms in adults living near mobile phone base stations. The SVM model reportedly achieved high predictive performance for headache, sleep disturbance, dizziness, vertigo, and fatigue, and outperformed Random Forest and prior models. The abstract concludes that proximity to base stations is connected with increased prevalence of several symptoms and emphasizes distance, age, and duration of residence as key predictors.

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