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Transcriptome profiling of flax plants exposed to a low-frequency alternating electromagnetic field.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This study aims to perform transcriptome profiling in flax plants exposed to a low-frequency alternating electromagnetic field. The abstract frames prior work as suggesting EMF-related changes in free radical homeostasis and altered expression of genes involved in stress responses, ion transport, and cell wall…

Low-energy amplitude-modulated electromagnetic field exposure: Feasibility study in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This single-site feasibility trial evaluated repeated 90-minute amplitude-modulated EMF exposure (AutEMdev) in 66 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The primary focus was safety and hemodynamic variability during exposure, with exploratory outcomes including quality of life, survival, and tumor…

Exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field induces a response of the honey bee organism on the level of enzyme activity and the expression of stress-related genes.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This animal study exposed one-day-old worker honey bees to 900 MHz RF-EMF at 12, 28, or 61 V/m for 15 minutes, 1 hour, or 3 hours, with an unexposed control group. The authors report changes in hemolymph enzyme activity and in expression of several stress-related genes following exposure. They state the pattern…

Electromagnetic fields - do they pose a cardiovascular risk?

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This study assessed short-term autonomic cardiac responses to RF EMF exposure using HRV metrics in 30 healthy young adults. During 2400 MHz (Wi-Fi) exposure applied to the chest for 5 minutes, HF-HRV decreased and the sympathetic-related 0V% index increased compared with 2600 MHz (4G) exposure, while RR intervals did…

50 Hz Magnetic Field Exposure Inhibited Spontaneous Movement of Zebrafish Larvae through ROS-Mediated syn2a Expression.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This zebrafish study exposed embryos to a 50 Hz magnetic field at 100–800 μT for 1 h or 24 h daily over 5 days. The authors report no changes in hatching, mortality, or malformation rates, but report reduced spontaneous movement at 200 μT along with brain histological abnormalities. They also report increased ROS and…

The effects of RF coils and SAR supervision strategies for clinically applicable nonselective parallel-transmit pulses at 7 T.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This engineering study evaluated how different 7T parallel-transmit head coils and SAR supervision strategies affect nonselective pTx pulse design for a 3D-MPRAGE sequence. It reports that FOCUS pulses were more robust than universal pulses when applied across different coils, and that FOCUS inversion pulses…

Low-energy amplitude-modulated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as a systemic treatment for cancer: Review and proposed mechanisms of action

Research RF Safe Research Library Sep 8, 2022

This review discusses low-energy amplitude-modulated RF EMF (27.12 MHz carrier with low Hz–kHz envelope modulation) delivered systemically via intrabuccal antenna devices as a potential treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. It reports preclinical inhibition of cancer growth in vitro and in mouse xenograft…

The effect of long-term radiofrequency exposure on cognition in human observational studies: A protocol for a systematic review.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2022

This paper presents a protocol for a systematic review of human observational studies assessing long-term radiofrequency (100 kHz to 300 GHz) EMF exposure and cognitive outcomes. It plans to include cohort and case-control studies with at least 6 months follow-up and validated cognitive measures, and to evaluate…

Effects of repeated exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic field on breast cancer cells.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2022

This in vitro study exposed two human breast cancer cell lines to a 50 Hz ELF-EMF (20 mT) for 3 hours/day for up to four days. The authors report reduced viability and apoptosis-related findings in MDA-MB-231 cells, with no significant viability change in MCF-7 cells. Cell-cycle effects differed by cell line,…

Electromagnetic field stimulation facilitates motor neuron excitability, myogenesis and muscle contractility in spinal cord transected rats.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2022

This animal study evaluated whole-body EMF stimulation in a rat model of complete spinal cord injury. Compared with SCI alone, EMF exposure for 7 or 14 days was reported to improve electrophysiological measures of motor neuron excitability and enhance soleus muscle contractile performance. Histopathology and protein…

What evidence exists of crop plants response to exposure to static magnetic and electromagnetic fields? A systematic map protocol.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2022

This paper describes a protocol for a systematic map of evidence on how food crops and model plants respond to exposure to static magnetic fields and non-ionizing electromagnetic fields. The authors cite reports of potential agronomic benefits but also inconsistent protocols and contradictory outcomes, and they…

Wearable Antennas for Sensor Networks and IoT Applications: Evaluation of SAR and Biological Effects.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2022

This in vitro study evaluated SAR and erythrocyte membrane stability during exposure to a fully textile wearable antenna at 2.41 GHz under realistic (6.3 mW) and conservative (450 mW) input power conditions. It reports 1 g average SARs of 0.5758 W/kg and 41.13 W/kg, respectively. For membrane stability at 6.3 mW,…

Static and Electromagnetic Fields Differently Affect Proliferation and Cell Death Through Acid Enhancement of ROS Generation in Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2022

This in vitro study examined how a 20 mT static magnetic field and a 20 mT 50 Hz electromagnetic field affect mesenchymal stem cells under conditions involving ROS and acidic pH. The authors report increased ROS and antioxidant-response markers (Nrf2, SOD2, GST) across SMF, EMF, and combined exposures, with…

Bidirectional Effect of Repeated Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field (50 Hz) of 1 and 7 mT on Oxidative/Antioxidative Status in Rat's Brain: The Prediction for the Vulnerability to Diseases.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2022

This rat study examined repeated 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure (1 or 7 mT) and measured oxidative stress and antioxidant defense markers in the prefrontal cortex, including responses to a subsequent open-field stressor. The authors report intensity- and repetition-dependent effects: 1 mT produced weak changes and was…

Necroptosis triggered by ROS accumulation and Ca overload, partly explains the inflammatory responses and anti-cancer effects associated with 1Hz, 100 mT ELF-MF in vivo.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2021

This animal and in vitro study examined ELF magnetic field exposure in a mouse breast tumor model and a breast cancer cell line. The authors report tumor growth suppression and reduced expression of Ki-67, CD31, VEGFR2, and MMP-9 after exposure. They also report increased IFN-γ and TNF-α and increased…

Low-frequency electromagnetic field influences human oral mucosa keratinocyte viability in response to lipopolysaccharide or minocycline treatment in cell culture conditions.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2021

This in vitro study examined whether low-frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) exposure affects viability of human oral mucosa keratinocytes. Apoptosis (early/late) and necrosis were measured by flow cytometry, including conditions with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or minocycline. The authors report that LF-EMF, alone…

Effect of Exposure to a Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field on Body Temperature in Anesthetized and Non-Anesthetized Rats.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This animal study examined whether anesthesia and body mass modify body temperature responses to 915 MHz RF exposure at 4 W/kg whole-body SAR for 8 hours. Non-anesthetized, free-moving rats showed no significant temperature change during exposure. In contrast, anesthetized rats showed marked temperature increases,…

Combined Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields and X-Ray in Renal Tissue and Function.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This animal experiment randomized 96 male Wistar rats to RF-EMF exposures (900/1800 MHz mobile phone or 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi), 8 Gy x-ray, or combinations, and assessed kidney function markers and histopathology. Creatinine was reported significantly higher and the BUN/Cr ratio significantly lower in the Wi-Fi group versus…

Short ELF-EMF Exposure Targets SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling in THP-1 Cells.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This in vitro study examined 50 Hz, 1 mT ELF-EMF exposure in LPS-treated THP-1 cells for 1–24 hours. The authors report increased HO-1 expression and Nrf2-related signaling, with nuclear enrichment of HO-1 and modulation of SIRT1/NF-κB pathways. They interpret these molecular changes as suggesting a protective,…

Assessment of function, histopathological changes, and oxidative stress in liver tissue due to ionizing and non-ionizing radiations.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This animal study evaluated liver function, histopathology, and oxidative stress markers after exposure to RF-EMF (900/1800 MHz and 2.4 GHz), x-rays (10 cGy or 8 Gy), and combinations including RF-EMF pre-exposure. Some liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) showed some association with irradiation, while…

Effect of Extremely Low Power Time-Varying Electromagnetic Field on Germination and Other Characteristics in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) Seeds.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This study evaluated extremely low, time-varying EMF “magneto-priming” to optimize germination in foxtail millet seeds using a central composite design and response surface methodology. The authors report optimal germination at 10 Hz, 30,007 nT, and 30 minutes, with improvements in germination percentage and multiple…

Electromagnetic field affects the voltage-dependent potassium channel Kv1.3.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This in vitro study tested whether extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) modulate the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 in Kv1.3-expressing CHO-K1 cells. Cells were exposed to a 20 Hz field at 268 µT or 902 µT while Kv1.3 currents were measured by whole-cell patch clamp. The authors report a…

Infected Ixodes ricinus ticks are attracted by electromagnetic radiation of 900 MHz.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This animal study tested whether Ixodes ricinus ticks show behavioral responses to 900 MHz radio-frequency electromagnetic fields in a radiation-shielded tube. Ticks were attracted to the irradiated area, and the attraction was reported as stronger among ticks infected with Rickettsia spp. The authors raise the…

Anthropogenic electromagnetic fields (EMF) influence the behaviour of bottom-dwelling marine species.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This animal study examined behavioural responses of American lobster and Little skate to EMF emissions from a subsea HVDC transmission cable. It reports a marked increase in exploratory/foraging behaviour in skates and a subtler exploratory response in lobsters when exposed to cable EMF. The authors also measured…

Immune response of mollusk Onchidium struma to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF, 50 Hz) exposure based on immune-related enzyme activity and De novo transcriptome analysis.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This animal study exposed the mollusk Onchidium struma to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 100 μT or 500 μT for up to one week and assessed immune-related cell counts, enzyme activities, and transcriptomic changes. The 100 μT group showed increased total coelomocyte and spherulocyte density versus control and 500 μT, while some cell…

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