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This in vitro and animal study evaluated whether extremely low frequency EMF exposure (1 mT, 45 Hz, 8 h/day) combined with Fe-based nanomagnetic particles enhances osteogenesis. The authors report no detectable cytotoxicity and increased osteogenic markers/proteins with combined NMP + EMF exposure, alongside…

This in vitro study examined how morphine, a 50-Hz 0.50 mT electromagnetic field (intermittent), and cisplatin co-treatments affected DNA repair gene expression and cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and SH-SY5Y cells. Morphine alone was reported to down-regulate examined DNA repair genes, whereas morphine plus EMF did not…

This in vitro study exposed MCF-7 and SH-SY5Y cells to a 50 Hz, 0.50 mT electromagnetic field in combination with cisplatin and/or morphine. The combined "CDDP+Mor+EMF" condition showed higher cisplatin IC values than cisplatin alone and "CDDP+Mor" in both cell lines, consistent with reduced cisplatin cytotoxicity.…

This in vitro study describes microwave-assisted, green-chemistry synthesis of pH-sensitive chitosan beads crosslinked with a glutamic acid/1,5-pentanodiol mixture and optionally modified with Tilia platyphyllos extract. The beads were characterized (FT-IR, SEM), tested for swelling, pH sensitivity, antioxidant…

This in vitro study exposed human keratinocyte cells (NCTC 2544) to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 0.25–2 G and assessed oxidative stress-related endpoints. Significant increases in ROS were reported at 0.5 and 1 G, with associated short-term changes in antioxidant and lipid peroxidation markers. The authors report that…

This in vitro study tested whether an extremely low-frequency EMF (100 Hz, 100 G) could enhance temozolomide cytotoxicity in human glioma cell lines (U87 and T98G). The authors report that combined EMF and temozolomide increased apoptosis relative to either treatment alone and was accompanied by changes in…

This study investigated 2 nm protein-stabilized gold nanoclusters in six mammalian cell types under 1 GHz electromagnetic field exposure. The authors report low intrinsic toxicity of the nanoclusters, but a significant decrease in cell viability when nanocluster-incubated cells were exposed to the 1 GHz field,…

This study tested noninvasive 13.56 MHz radiofrequency electric fields as a treatment adjunct for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in cell lines and mouse xenograft models. The authors report RF exposure caused cytotoxicity in PDAC cells via autophagy (not apoptosis) and that normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cells…

A meta-analysis of 63 publications assessed whether radiofrequency (RF) radiation exposure is associated with genetic damage in mammalian somatic cells using multiple genotoxicity endpoints. Overall differences between RF-exposed and control conditions were reported as small, though statistically significant…

This in vitro study reports that shortwave (MHz-range) RF exposure can induce strong cytotoxicity in EGFR-overexpressing human cancer cells when those cells have internalized cetuximab-targeted gold nanoparticles. Control nanoparticles showed minimal uptake and substantially lower cytotoxicity under RF exposure. An…