The Extremely-Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Affects Apoptosis and Oxidative-Stress-Related Genes and Proteins in the Porcine Endometrium-An In Vitro Study.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2024
This in vitro study exposed porcine endometrial slices collected during the peri-implantation period to a 50 Hz extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic field for 2 hours. The authors report decreased CASP7 and increased NOS3/eNOS mRNA and protein abundance after exposure, along with increases in additional…
Transcriptomic Analysis of Gene Expression and Effect of Electromagnetic Field in Brain Tissue after Traumatic Brain Injury.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2024
This pilot animal study used a Yucatan miniswine model of traumatic brain injury with and without EMF stimulation to examine differential gene expression in injured versus non-injured cortex tissue. The authors report multiple differentially expressed genes linked to immune infiltration, myelination, oxidative stress…
Exposure to the extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field induces changes in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the endometrium.
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Jan 1, 2024
This in vitro study exposed porcine endometrial slices from days 15–16 of pregnancy to a 50 Hz extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field for 2 hours. The authors report changes in several epigenetic-related markers, including DNA methylation machinery, histone-related measures (HDAC activity), global DNA…
CaATPase enzyme activities and lipid and protein oxidations of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) stored at 4 °C for 30 min under electromagnetic fields.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This study evaluated 12 mT electromagnetic fields (100–400 Hz) applied during 30 minutes of cold storage (4 °C) of grass carp. EMF exposure was associated with increased CaATPase activity and frequency-dependent changes in protein and lipid oxidation. NMR results suggested altered water–protein interactions, and the…
Alternating current electromagnetic field exposure lessens intramyocellular lipid accumulation due to high-fat feeding via enhanced lipid metabolism in mice.
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Jan 1, 2023
This mouse study tested whether alternating current electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure modifies muscle lipid accumulation during long-term high-fat feeding. Mice exposed to EMF (8 hours/day for 16 weeks; maximum 180 mT) while on a high-fat diet had lower intramyocellular lipid levels than high-fat diet controls.…
Electromagnetic field stimulation facilitates motor neuron excitability, myogenesis and muscle contractility in spinal cord transected rats.
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Jan 1, 2022
This animal study evaluated whole-body EMF stimulation in a rat model of complete spinal cord injury. Compared with SCI alone, EMF exposure for 7 or 14 days was reported to improve electrophysiological measures of motor neuron excitability and enhance soleus muscle contractile performance. Histopathology and protein…
Enhancement of Fungal Enzyme Production by Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields.
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Jan 1, 2022
This in vitro study examined whether a 2 GHz RF-EMF exposure could enhance enzyme production in a filamentous fungus. A 10-minute exposure was reported to increase extracellular total protein and α-amylase activity in culture media versus controls, alongside increased α-amylase mRNA and changes consistent with…
Thermomagnetic Resonance Effect of the Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Three-Dimensional Cancer Models.
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Jan 1, 2022
This in vitro study tested an ELF-EMF at a calculated thermal resonant frequency in 2D and 3D culture models of human pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, and breast cancer. The authors report reduced cell growth and a metabolic shift, including potentiation of coupled and uncoupled respiration and altered transcription…
Protein expression changes during phagocytosis influenced by low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure.
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Jan 1, 2022
This in vitro study examined whether a low-frequency EMF (30 mT, 7 Hz for 3 h) alters phagocytosis of latex beads and immune-related protein/gene expression in the human Mono Mac 6 macrophage cell line. The authors report that EMF exposure influenced phagocytosis-associated molecular markers, with notable changes in…
Conformational changes of β-thalassemia major hemoglobin and oxidative status of plasma after in vitro exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields: An artificial neural network analysis.
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Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study exposed blood samples from β-thalassemia major patients and matched healthy donors (n=12 each) to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 0.5 and 1 mT for 1–2 hours. The authors report that two-hour exposure induced significant oxidative changes in β-thalassemia major samples and examined protein/Hb structural features…
Pulsed and Discontinuous Electromagnetic Field Exposure Decreases Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma by Modulating the Expression of O-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase, Cyclin-D1, and p53.
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Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study evaluated 50 Hz, 70 G electromagnetic field exposure in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) in T98 and A172 glioblastoma cell lines. The authors report that EMF plus TMZ increased cell death and reduced migration potential compared with controls. They also report increased p53 gene expression and…
First Identification of the Effects of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on the Micromolecular Changes in Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.
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Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study exposed adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells to a continuous 50 Hz electromagnetic field at 1.5 mT for 24, 48, or 72 hours and assessed micromolecular changes using FTIR spectroscopy. The authors report the largest FTIR spectral differences versus control in nucleic acids and proteins…
Activation of matrix metalloproteinases and FoxO3a in HaCaT keratinocytes by radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure.
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Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study exposed HaCaT human keratinocytes to 1760 MHz RF-EMF (SAR 4.0 W/kg; 2 h/day for 4 days). The authors report increased intracellular ROS and increased expression/activity of several matrix metalloproteinases, along with increased phosphorylation of FoxO3a and ERK1/2. Cell growth/viability and…
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields promote cognitive function and hippocampal neurogenesis of rats with cerebral ischemia.
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Jan 1, 2021
This animal study evaluated whether ELF-EMF exposure affects recovery-related outcomes after cerebral ischemia in rats. Rats exposed to 50 Hz, 1 mT ELF-EMF for 2 hours daily over 28 days showed better Morris water maze performance than untreated rats. The study also reports increased hippocampal neurogenesis markers…
Synergistic effect of electromagnetic fields and nanomagnetic particles on osteogenesis through calcium channels and p-ERK signaling.
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Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro and animal study evaluated whether extremely low frequency EMF exposure (1 mT, 45 Hz, 8 h/day) combined with Fe-based nanomagnetic particles enhances osteogenesis. The authors report no detectable cytotoxicity and increased osteogenic markers/proteins with combined NMP + EMF exposure, alongside…
Microtubular structure impairment after GSM-modulated RF radiation exposure.
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Jan 1, 2020
This in vitro study exposed V79 cells to 915 MHz GSM-modulated RF radiation for 1–3 hours at 10–30 V/m (average SARs reported as 0.23–1.6 W/kg). The authors report that 3-hour exposure altered microtubule structure across all tested field strengths and reduced cell growth on the third post-exposure day. They conclude…
Treating honey bees with an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field and pesticides: Impact on the rate of disappearance of azoxystrobin and λ-cyhalothrin and the structure of some functional groups of the probabilistic molecules.
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Jan 1, 2020
This laboratory study examined whether 50 Hz (ELF) electromagnetic field exposure changes pesticide disappearance rates and molecular functional group signatures in honey bees. EMF altered the disappearance rates of azoxystrobin and λ-cyhalothrin within 6 hours, with different patterns depending on whether pesticides…
Protective effect of crocin on electromagnetic field-induced testicular damage and heat shock protein A2 expression in male BALB/c mice.
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Jan 1, 2020
This animal study exposed male BALB/c mice to 2100 MHz EMF and assessed reproductive and hormonal outcomes, including sperm parameters, testicular histology, HspA2 immunoreactivity, and apoptosis. EMF exposure was associated with increased testicular apoptosis, increased abnormal sperm, and increased HspA2…
A single-pulsed electromagnetic field enhances collagen synthesis in tendon cells.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This in vitro study reports that a single pulsed electromagnetic field (0.2 Hz) increased expression of tenogenic genes and reduced expression of a matrix-degradation/inflammatory gene (Mmp1) in tendon cells. After 5 days of exposure (3 min/day), collagen type I and total collagen synthesis protein levels were…
Treatment of Common Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) Seeds with Radio-frequency Electromagnetic Field and Cold Plasma Induces Changes in Seed Phytohormone Balance, Seedling Development and Leaf Protein Expression.
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Jan 1, 2019
This study assessed pre-sowing sunflower seed treatments using vacuum, 5.28 MHz radio-frequency cold plasma, and an electromagnetic field for varying durations. The authors report faster germination with cold plasma (7 min) and EMF (15 min), while germination percentage was mostly unchanged except for a decrease…
Effect of Modified Wuzi Yanzong Pill () on Tip60-Mediated Apoptosis in Testis of Male Rats after Microwave Radiation.
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Jan 1, 2019
This animal study exposed male rats to a single 15-minute microwave radiation session and assessed testicular apoptosis, histopathology, and related proteins. The radiation group showed increased apoptosis and testicular structural alterations versus controls at multiple time points, while a modified Wuzi Yanzong…
Non-Ionizing Radiation for Cardiac Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Commitment: A Physical Strategy in Regenerative Medicine.
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Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study exposed human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells to an ELF-EMF stimulus (7 Hz, 2.5 µT) and compared responses with a nitric oxide chemical treatment. The authors report reduced cell proliferation with no change in metabolic activity, vitality, or apoptosis after ELF-EMF exposure. They also report…
Wireless control of cellular function by activation of a novel protein responsive to electromagnetic fields.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study reports the identification of an electromagnetic perceptive gene (EPG) from glass catfish and its expression in mammalian cells, neuronal cultures, and rat brain. The authors report that magnetic/EMF stimulation remotely increased intracellular calcium in EPG-expressing cells and neurons. They also report…
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) generates alterations in the synthesis and secretion of oestradiol-17β (E) in uterine tissues: An in vitro study.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study exposed porcine endometrial and myometrial slices to extremely low-frequency EMF (50 or 120 Hz, 8 mT) for 2 or 4 hours, with or without progesterone. The authors report frequency- and time-dependent changes in oestradiol-17β secretion and CYP19A3 mRNA expression, with fewer changes when…
Effects of 1950 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on Aβ processing in human neuroblastoma and mouse hippocampal neuronal cells.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study exposed HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells to 1950 MHz RF-EMF at SAR 6 W/kg for 2 hours per day over 3 days. RF-EMF exposure reduced mRNA levels of several Aβ-processing genes in HT22 cells, but did not change APP mRNA in SH-SY5Y cells. Protein levels of…