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Decreased dopamine in striatum and difficult locomotor recovery from MPTP insult after exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This animal study reports that chronic RF-EMF exposure (835 MHz, SAR 4.0 W/kg, 5 h/day for 12 weeks) affected striatal neuronal markers in C57BL/6 mice. The authors observed reductions in synaptic vesicle-related measures and dopaminergic markers, including dopamine concentration and tyrosine hydroxylase expression.…

Early exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at 1850 MHz affects auditory circuits in early postnatal mice.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This animal study examined early postnatal mice after exposure to 1850 MHz RF-EMF and measured synaptic activity in brainstem auditory circuitry. The abstract reports increased spontaneous postsynaptic current frequency and amplitude in MNTB principal cells, with accompanying presynaptic changes in the calyx of Held…

Impact of Long-Term RF-EMF on Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Aging Brains of C57BL/6 Mice.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal study exposed 14-month-old C57BL/6 mice to 1950 MHz RF-EMF (SAR 5 W/kg) for 8 months. The authors report that aging was associated with increased oxidative damage, DNA damage, apoptosis, and glial activation markers in brain tissue. Long-term RF-EMF exposure did not change these markers in aged mice and…

Eotaxin‑1 and MCP‑1 serve as circulating indicators in response to power frequency electromagnetic field exposure in mice.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal study exposed young Balb/c mice to constant 50 Hz power-frequency EMF at 0.1, 0.5, or 2.5 mT for 90 days. Body weight did not differ between exposed and control groups, but serum chemokine profiles showed exposure-related changes. EOTAXIN-1 and MCP-1 were significantly increased at 0.5 mT, which the…

Effect of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on the fertility pattern in male mice.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal study examined 2.45 GHz microwave exposure in male Swiss albino mice for 2 hours per day over 30 days. The authors report increased oxidative stress markers and reduced antioxidant enzymes and testosterone in exposed mice versus sham controls. They also report micronuclei formation in blood and…

2.45 GHz microwave radiation induced oxidative and nitrosative stress mediated testicular apoptosis: Involvement of a p53 dependent bax-caspase-3 mediated pathway.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal study exposed 12-week-old male mice to 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwave radiation (average power density 0.0248 mW/cm; whole-body SAR 0.0146 W/kg) for 2 hours/day over 15, 30, or 60 days. The authors evaluated testicular histology, testosterone, oxidative/nitrosative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes,…

Effect of long-term exposure of mice to 900 MHz GSM radiation on experimental cutaneous candidiasis.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This animal study examined whether long-term 900 MHz GSM-like microwave exposure affects experimentally induced cutaneous candidiasis in BALB/c mice. Exposed mice reportedly had delayed wound healing and higher Candida loads in skin lesions compared with unexposed mice. Following systemic Candida challenge, exposed…

Effects of four kinds of electromagnetic fields (EMF) with different frequency spectrum bands on ovariectomized osteoporosis in mice.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This animal study tested four frequency-band EMF exposures (1–50,000 Hz variants) in an ovariectomized mouse model of osteoporosis over 8 weeks (3 h/day). Low- and band-pass exposures increased bone formation markers and osteogenesis-related gene expression, while high-pass exposure decreased both formation and…

Efficacy of 50 Hz electromagnetic fields on human epidermal stem cell transplantation seeded in collagen sponge scaffolds for wound healing in a murine model.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This animal study evaluated whether 50 Hz EMF exposure enhances wound healing after transplantation of human epidermal stem cells (ESC) seeded in collagen sponge scaffolds. Thirty-six nude mice with full-thickness wounds were assigned to control, ESC-only, or ESC+EMF groups (50 Hz, 5 mT, 60 min/day for 20 days). The…

The influence of prenatal 10 GHz microwave radiation exposure on a developing mice brain.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This animal study examined prenatal exposure to 10 GHz microwave radiation starting at gestation day 0.25 or 11.25 until term. At 3 weeks of age, offspring from exposed pregnancies showed reduced brain and body weight and biochemical changes consistent with oxidative stress compared with sham controls. The authors…

Gold Nanocluster-Mediated Cellular Death under Electromagnetic Radiation.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This study investigated 2 nm protein-stabilized gold nanoclusters in six mammalian cell types under 1 GHz electromagnetic field exposure. The authors report low intrinsic toxicity of the nanoclusters, but a significant decrease in cell viability when nanocluster-incubated cells were exposed to the 1 GHz field,…

Targeted Magnetic Nanoparticles for Mechanical Lysis of Tumor Cells by Low-Amplitude Alternating Magnetic Field.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2016

This animal and in vitro study reports a method to lyse tumor cells mechanically using targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles rotated by a weak alternating magnetic field. Nude mice with head and neck tumors received cetuximab-coated nanoparticles and 4 Hz field exposures for 30 minutes on alternating…

Sweeping of hydrophobic amines under inhomogeneous electric field and low surfactant concentration in micellar electrokinetic chromatography.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2016

This laboratory/analytical study examined how sample matrix affects sample sweeping in micellar electrokinetic chromatography under an inhomogeneous electric field. It reports strong focusing for hydrophobic cationic analytes when the sample matrix conductivity is much higher than the BGE, even with low surfactant…

Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation from Smartphones on Learning Ability and Hippocampal Progenitor Cell Proliferation in Mice.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2016

This mouse study examined chronic smartphone electromagnetic radiation exposure and its effects on spatial working memory and hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation. The authors report no significant differences in Y-maze spontaneous alternation or BrdU-labeled progenitor proliferation after exposure, but…

Effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) exposure on B6C3F1 mice

Research RF Safe Research Library May 5, 2015

This long-term animal study exposed mice to a 50 Hz magnetic field (500 mG) prenatally and then through 15.5 months of life to assess tumor-related outcomes and fertility-related measures. Exposed mice had lower body weights and showed no increase in liver or lung tumor incidence. However, exposed female mice had a…

2.45 GHz Microwave Radiation Impairs Learning and Spatial Memory via Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress Induced p53-Dependent/Independent Hippocampal Apoptosis: Molecular Basis and Underlying Mechanism

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2015

This animal study exposed male Swiss mice to 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwave radiation for 2 hours/day over 15, 30, or 60 days. The authors report increased hippocampal oxidative/nitrosative stress and increased apoptosis in neuronal and nonneuronal hippocampal subfields. They also report duration-dependent…

[Early and Delayed Effects of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on the Reproductive Function and Functional Status of the Offspring of Experimental Animals].

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2015

This experimental animal study examined RF EMF effects on reproduction in CBA mice and on the morphofunctional status of their offspring under two exposure models. The authors report that repeated short-term RF EMF exposure (5 days, 10 minutes per day, 1.2 mW/cm2) affected pregnancy course, litter number, fertility,…

2.45-GHz microwave irradiation adversely affects reproductive function in male mouse, Mus musculus by inducing oxidative and nitrosative stress

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2014

This animal study exposed 12-week-old male Swiss strain mice to non-thermal low-level 2.45-GHz microwave radiation for 2 hours per day over 30 days (SAR 0.018 W/kg). The abstract reports reduced sperm count and viability, testicular structural changes, lower 3β-HSD activity and plasma testosterone, and increased…

Autophagy and enhanced chemosensitivity in experimental pancreatic cancers induced by noninvasive radiofrequency field treatment.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2014

This study tested noninvasive 13.56 MHz radiofrequency electric fields as a treatment adjunct for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in cell lines and mouse xenograft models. The authors report RF exposure caused cytotoxicity in PDAC cells via autophagy (not apoptosis) and that normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cells…

The effect of extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field on in vitro fertilization success rate in N MRI mice.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2014

This randomized comparative animal study tested whether extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field exposure affects IVF success in NMRI mice. Mice in the experimental group were exposed to a 1.3 mT pulsed field at 4 kHz for 5 hours during the IVF process. Although the exposed group showed a higher IVF…

Optimization of a therapeutic electromagnetic field (EMF) to retard breast cancer tumor growth and vascularity.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2014

This animal study evaluated a therapeutic 120 Hz pulsed EMF device (10–20 mT) in C3H mice bearing implanted murine mammary adenocarcinoma tumors. Across seven treated groups, EMF exposure over 12 days was reported to suppress tumor growth, with specific dose/time regimens described as most effective. The authors also…

Increased Radioresistance to Lethal Doses of Gamma Rays in Mice and Rats after Exposure to Microwave Radiation Emitted by a GSM Mobile Phone Simulator.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2013

This animal study tested whether pre-exposure to microwave radiation from a GSM mobile phone simulator could induce a radioadaptive response to a subsequent lethal whole-body gamma dose. In mice, pre-exposure to microwave radiation, low dose rate gamma radiation, or both was associated with significantly different…

Down-regulation of metallothionein 1 and 2 after exposure to electromagnetic field in mouse testis.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2011

This animal study examined mouse testis after 8 weeks of exposure to a 3 MT electromagnetic field (4 hours/day). The authors report significant histological changes (increased primary spermatocytes, increased Leydig cells, and increased basement membrane thickness) in exposed mice versus controls. MT1 and MT2…

Effect of magnetic fields on tumor growth and viability.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2011

This animal study evaluated whether magnetic field exposure affects breast tumor growth and viability in mice injected with breast cancer cells. Tumor growth was monitored in real time using luciferase labeling and an in vivo imaging system. The authors report that 360 minutes of daily magnetic field exposure for up…

Biological effects of extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields: a review

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 1977

This review summarizes reported biological effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields, describing them as significant and often acting as stressors. Reported outcomes include metabolic, hormonal, and body weight changes in rodents, lethality at high exposure levels in mice and insects, and…

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