Induction of apoptosis in B16-BL6 melanoma cells following exposure to electromagnetic fields modeled after intercellular calcium waves.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2024
This in vitro study exposed B16-BL6 melanoma cells to a time-varying EMF modeled after intercellular calcium-wave firing patterns. The abstract reports a 50.3% reduction in viable cells after a single 40-minute exposure and microscopy findings consistent with apoptosis and nuclear fragmentation versus control. The…
Higher ultraviolet light exposure is associated with lower mortality: An analysis of data from the UK biobank cohort study
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2024
This cohort analysis examined associations between two ultraviolet (UV) exposure measures (solarium use and residential shortwave radiation) and mortality in older UK Biobank participants. Both UV exposure measures were reported to be inversely associated with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality, and…
Spinning magnetic field patterns that cause oncolysis by oxidative stress in glioma cells
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Nov 7, 2023
This in vitro study characterized spinning oscillating magnetic field (sOMF) stimulation patterns that the authors report can induce cytotoxicity in two types of human glioma cells. The reported effect was linked to a critical rise in superoxide, and was reversed by the antioxidant Trolox, suggesting ROS involvement.…
Effects of prenatal mobile phone radiation exposure on MMP9 expression: Implications for inflammation, oxidative stress, and sensory-motor impairment after neonatal hypoxia- ischemia in rats
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RF Safe Research Library
Oct 13, 2023
This animal study examined whether prenatal mobile phone RF exposure affects brain injury markers and outcomes after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in rats. The HI/Exposure group showed higher MMP-9 expression along with increased inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, larger infarct volume and edema, and worse…
Variations of the spontaneous electrical activities of the neuronal networks imposed by the exposure of electromagnetic radiations using computational map-based modeling.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This computational neuroscience study models a ring of three coupled Rulkov neurons to examine how electromagnetic induction may change spontaneous neuronal network activity. The abstract reports that magnetic field effects depend on the network’s initial dynamical regime and synaptic strength, including elimination…
Osteogenic effect of electromagnetic fields on stem cells derived from rat bone marrow cultured in osteogenic medium versus conditioned medium in vitro.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This in vitro study tested whether ELF-EMF exposure (50 Hz, 1 mT; 30 min/day) influences osteogenic differentiation markers in rat bone-marrow-derived stem cells cultured in osteogenic medium or in human adipose-stem cell-conditioned medium. The OM + EMF condition showed higher ALP activity and higher Runx2 and Ocn…
CaATPase enzyme activities and lipid and protein oxidations of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) stored at 4 °C for 30 min under electromagnetic fields.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This study evaluated 12 mT electromagnetic fields (100–400 Hz) applied during 30 minutes of cold storage (4 °C) of grass carp. EMF exposure was associated with increased CaATPase activity and frequency-dependent changes in protein and lipid oxidation. NMR results suggested altered water–protein interactions, and the…
Effects of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) on glioblastoma cells (U -118 MG).
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This in vitro study exposed glioblastoma (U-118 MG) and human embryonic kidney (Hek-293) cells to 2.4 GHz RF-EMF for 24–72 hours, with or without a dielectric screen. The authors report a significant decrease in cell viability after exposure in both cell lines. The decrease was described as greater in glioblastoma…
Alternating current electromagnetic field exposure lessens intramyocellular lipid accumulation due to high-fat feeding via enhanced lipid metabolism in mice.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This mouse study tested whether alternating current electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure modifies muscle lipid accumulation during long-term high-fat feeding. Mice exposed to EMF (8 hours/day for 16 weeks; maximum 180 mT) while on a high-fat diet had lower intramyocellular lipid levels than high-fat diet controls.…
Comment on Redmayne, M.; Maisch, D.R. ICNIRP Guidelines' Exposure Assessment Method for 5G Millimetre Wave Radiation May Trigger Adverse Effects. 2023, , 5267.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This commentary critiques a prior paper claiming that Brillouin precursors from 5G NR and other cellular systems could cause tissue damage deeper than the carrier-frequency penetration depth. It states that the original Brillouin precursor theory was based on nanosecond ultrawide-band RF pulses in water and that this…
Lipoic acid inhibits cognitive impairment induced by multiple cell phones in young male rats: role of Sirt1 and Atg7 pathway.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This animal study examined whether lipoic acid modifies cognitive and hippocampal effects in young male rats exposed to EMF emitted from multiple cell phones. The authors report improved learning performance but impaired long-term memory consolidation after EMF exposure, alongside changes in hippocampal…
Sex-dependent impact of perinatal 5G electromagnetic field exposure in the adolescent rat behavior.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This animal study examined daily perinatal 5G EMF exposure in rats at the ICNIRP whole-body public exposure limit (maternal SAR 0.07 W/kg) from gestational day 8 to post-natal day 21. The authors report a 1-day delay in incisor eruption in both sexes and sex-dependent changes in stereotyped behavior in the open field…
NET Formation Was Reduced via Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This in vitro study examined whether a 16 Hz extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (ELF-PEMF) affects neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. In neutrophils from healthy volunteers, ELF-PEMF exposure did not induce ROS or calcium influx and did not increase basal or PMA-induced NET formation.…
The Effect of Low-Frequency Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on the Differentiation of Permanent Dental Pulp Stem Cells into Odontoblasts.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This in vitro study exposed dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells to 50 Hz pulsed electromagnetic fields at 0.5 or 1 mT for 20 or 40 minutes per day over seven days. Cell survival/proliferation was generally higher than control across exposure groups, except for the 40 minutes/day at 1 mT condition. DMP1 expression was…
Human osteosarcoma cells in response to ELF-MF: Morphological remodeling compared to cell proliferation.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This in vitro study exposed human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells to 2 mT extremely low-frequency magnetic fields with sinusoidal, triangular, or pulsed waveforms under continuous (3 h) or fractionated (3 days) conditions. The authors report significant decreases in proliferation and shape index in exposed cells versus…
Personal exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in various occupations in Spain and France.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This study conducted personal full-shift RF-EMF measurements in 333 workers across 46 occupations in Spain and France. Most 1-second measurements of electric and magnetic fields were below the device detection limit (≥1% of 1998 ICNIRP standards), though many workers had at least one detectable reading. A small…
Assessing the effect of selenium on cyclin D1 level and nuclear factor kappa b activity in NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells at 2100 MHz electromagnetic field exposure.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This in vitro study examined NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells exposed to 2100 MHz EMF and evaluated cell viability, cyclin D1, and NF-κB activity, with and without 200 nM selenium. The abstract reports reduced cell viability and increased cyclin D1 and NF-κB activity after EMF exposure. Selenium supplementation was reported…
A Novel and Versatile Microfluidic Device for Cell Assays under Radio Frequency Exposure.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This in vitro study describes a microfluidic device integrated with a radiofrequency exposure system to enable on-chip monitoring of cellular responses under a 1.8 GHz field. Using human amniotic epithelial cells, the authors report field-intensity-associated increases in protrusions/filopodia, changes in…
It is the Frequency that Matters: Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on the Release and Content of Extracellular Vesicles.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This preprint describes an in vitro bioreactor-based system to test whether electromagnetic/electrical stimulation affects extracellular vesicles (EVs). Using proteomics and single-vesicle flow cytometry, the authors report that stimulation at physiological current amplitudes can modulate EV content in a…
Phagocytosis of latex beads by a human monocytic Mono Mac 6 cell line and effects of low-frequency electromagnetic field interaction.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This in vitro study tested whether a low-frequency EMF (7 Hz, 30 mT) alters phagocytosis-related outcomes in the human monocytic Mono Mac 6 cell line. EMF exposure was associated with increased necrosis in cells pre-stimulated with SEB and then undergoing latex bead phagocytosis, while no significant cell-death…
Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Stimulation (ELF-EMS) Improves Neurological Outcome and Reduces Microglial Reactivity in a Rodent Model of Global Transient Stroke.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This animal and laboratory study evaluated extremely low-frequency electromagnetic stimulation (ELF-EMS) in a rodent ischemia-reperfusion stroke model and related in vitro/slice experiments. The authors report improved neurological and behavioral outcomes, increased neuronal survival, and reduced glial/microglial…
P53 status, and G2/M cell cycle arrest, are determining factors in cell-death induction mediated by ELF-EMF in glioblastoma.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This in vitro study tested ELF-EMF exposure in U87 and U251 glioblastoma cell lines and assessed apoptosis, cell-cycle distribution, cell size, and mRNA expression of cell-cycle genes. The authors report higher apoptosis induction and increased G2/M arrest in U87 compared with U251, alongside increased U87 cell size…
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure alters DNA methylation levels in the endometrium of pigs during the peri-implantation period.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This in vitro study exposed porcine endometrial slices from the peri-implantation period (days 15–16 of pregnancy) to 50 Hz ELF-EMF for 2 hours and assessed promoter DNA methylation in selected genes. The authors report increased methylation for EGR2, ID2, and PTGER4, decreased methylation for IL1RAP and NOS3, and no…
Ameliorative effects of crocin against electromagnetic field-induced oxidative stress and liver and kidney injuries in mice.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This mouse experiment evaluated whether crocin (50 mg/kg) mitigates liver and kidney injury associated with 2100 MHz electromagnetic field exposure. EMF exposure was associated with increased serum markers of kidney and liver injury, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity, and histopathological/ultrastructural changes…
Synergistic cytotoxic effects of an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field with doxorubicin on MCF-7 cell line.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This in vitro study tested whether a 50 Hz, 20 mT extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) enhances the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin (DOX) in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The authors report that combining ELF-EMF with low-dose DOX reduced cell viability at lower DOX concentrations than DOX…