Measurement of Electromagnetic Fields Exposure to Humans from Electric Vehicles and Their Supply Equipment
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This study reports measurements of electric field intensity (E) and magnetic flux density (B) from electric vehicles (inside driver/passenger seats during driving) and EV supply equipment (near chargers during charging) up to 400 kHz in and around Chennai. E and B inside EVs and E around EVSEs were reported to be…
Effect of anthropogenic electromagnetic fields used for subsurface oil and gas exploration (controlled-source electromagnetics, CSEM) on the fertilization success and embryonic development of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This laboratory animal study tested whether electromagnetic fields (EMFs) representative of controlled-source electromagnetics (CSEM) surveys affect Atlantic cod reproduction and early development. Two single 15-minute exposure experiments were conducted: exposure of males prior to sperm assessment and exposure of…
Numerical analysis of low-frequency electromagnetic field effects from three-phase transformer on coronary stents and cardiac tissues.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This engineering simulation modeled power-frequency EMF exposure for simulated patients with magnesium alloy coronary stents near a 200 kVA three-phase transformer. The highest exposure was predicted directly beneath the transformer, but cardiac tissue induced fields were reported to remain below ICNIRP public…
Magnetic Field Measurement of Various Types of Vehicles, Including Electric Vehicles
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This exposure assessment measured magnetic fields inside modern Japanese EVs, PHEVs, and ICEVs during actual driving using methods aligned with IEC 62764-1:2022. All measured magnetic flux density values were reported to be below ICNIRP public exposure reference levels. The study mapped in-cabin field sources and…
Impact of magnetic fields from tablets, laptops, smartphones, and household/leisure magnets on cardiac implantable electronic devices
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This study tested magnetic fields from tablets, laptops, smartphones, and household/leisure magnets against 13 cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) models to assess magnet mode activation. It reports that these consumer devices can trigger magnet mode when in close proximity, with median activation distances…
Effect of short-term extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field on respiratory functions
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This animal study tested whether short-term ELF-EMF exposure alters respiratory physiology in rats. Twenty Wistar albino rats were assigned to control or EMF exposure (50 Hz, 0.3 mT for 2 minutes) with respiratory parameters measured before, during, and after exposure. The study reports changes during exposure (lower…
Simulation and analysis of magnetic fields around High-Voltage power lines using Python for enhanced safety and design insights.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This study presents an open-source Python framework to simulate magnetic fields around high-voltage power lines using the Biot–Savart law with ground-air boundary conditions. Under the modeled conditions, the horizontal conductor configuration produced peak magnetic flux densities up to 120 µT and 104.2 µT at 1.5 m…
Comprehensive Analysis of Magnetic Flux Density and RF-EMF Exposure in Electric Buses: A Case Study from Samsun, Turkey.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2024
This case study measured magnetic flux density and RF-EMF on electric buses on two routes in Samsun, Turkey, across different driving conditions and times of day. It reports route- and condition-dependent variability in magnetic fields, with braking associated with higher readings on one route, and lower overall…
Comparison of pulsed and continuous electromagnetic field generated by WPT system on human dermal and neural cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2024
This in vitro study tested electromagnetic fields generated by a prototype wireless power transfer (wireless charging) system on four human dermal and neural cell lines. Across pulsed and continuous exposure conditions, the authors report no negative effects on morphology/cytoskeleton, viability/mitosis,…
Regulation of skeletal myogenesis in C2C12 cells through modulation of Pax7, MyoD, and myogenin via different low-frequency electromagnetic field energies.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This in vitro study examined how low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF-EMF) at different magnetic flux densities influence skeletal myogenesis in C2C12 cells. The authors report that 2.0 mT LF-EMF activated cells and increased PAX7, while 1.5 mT increased MyoD and myogenin expression. They conclude that different…
EVALUATION OF BCL2 AND ITS REGULATORY MIRS, MIR-15-B AND MIR-16 EXPRESSION CHANGES UNDER THE EXPOSURE OF EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ON HUMAN GASTRIC CANCER CELL LINE.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study examined whether extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) at 0.2 or 2 mT (continuous or 1.5 h on/1.5 h off) for 18 hours alter viability and gene/miRNA expression in AGS gastric cancer cells. The authors report a significant reduction in cell viability at 2 mT continuous exposure.…
The Dynamic(s) of Adipose Stem Cell System, Their Survival, and Cessation under the Influence of Electromagnetic Fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study examined how extremely low frequency EMF affects adipose-derived stem cell proliferation, cell cycle, viability, and death using fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. Under continuous exposure at 76.6 Hz and 20 T (ICR-based parameters), the authors report a statistically significant increase…
Up-regulation of miR-144 and miR-375 in the human gastric cancer cell line following the exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study exposed AGS human gastric cancer cells to 50 Hz ELF magnetic fields at 0.2 or 2 mT for 18 hours (continuous or intermittent). The authors report reduced cell viability versus control and up-regulation of miR-144 and miR-375 during exposure. They also report miR levels decreased 18 and 36 hours…
EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT IN THE VICINITY OF WIND TURBINES.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This exposure assessment measured extremely low frequency magnetic fields near 22 wind turbines in two wind farms in Greece using a Narda NBM-550 with an EHP-50F probe and processing aligned with the 2013/35/EU Directive. Mean magnetic field intensity at the turbine base was reported as low (0.146 µT) and declined to…
Effect of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Expression of T-bet and GATA-3 Genes and Serum Interferon-γ and Interleukin-4.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This rat study examined 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure (1–2000 μT) for 60 days and measured Th-related gene expression and cytokines in an HSA-stimulated immune model. Splenic T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA expression decreased at 1 and 100 μT. Serum IFN-γ and IL-4 were significantly decreased in the 100 μT group only before HSA…
Electromagnetic Field Analysis of Low-Magnitude High-Frequency Vibrator with Multiple Plungers.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This conference paper describes an engineering design for a low-magnitude high-frequency vibrator with multiple plungers, aiming to minimize electromagnetic fields during vibrational stimulation experiments. The authors analyze the device’s EMF using finite element methods in COMSOL. No direct biological or health…
Electromagnetic Field Could Protect SH-SY5Y Cells Against Cisplatin Cytotoxicity, But Not MCF-7 Cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study exposed MCF-7 and SH-SY5Y cells to a 50 Hz, 0.50 mT electromagnetic field in combination with cisplatin and/or morphine. The combined "CDDP+Mor+EMF" condition showed higher cisplatin IC values than cisplatin alone and "CDDP+Mor" in both cell lines, consistent with reduced cisplatin cytotoxicity.…
Influence of the on-line ELF-EMF stimulation on the electrophysiological properties of the rat hippocampal CA1 neurons in vitro.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This paper describes an on-line ELF magnetic stimulation setup and evaluates coil field distribution using COMSOL simulations alongside physical measurements. The authors report that modeled and measured magnetic flux densities were similar, and that stimulation induced sodium channel currents and fEPSPs in rat…
Design, simulation and evaluation of uniform magnetic field systems for head-free eye movement recordings with scleral search coils.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2016
This conference paper describes the design and simulation of coil geometries intended to produce a highly uniform magnetic field for scleral search coil eye-movement recordings without restricting head motion. The authors built a large (2.2 m per side) coil frame and compared measured magnetic flux density to…
The effects of different intensities, frequencies and exposure times of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This in vitro study examined whether extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) affect growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Bacterial cultures were exposed to sinusoidal homogeneous ELF-EMF at 2 or 4 mT, with frequencies of 20, 40, or 50 Hz, for 1–6 hours, and CFU were compared…
Sleep quality and general health status of employees exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic fields in a petrochemical complex
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Apr 29, 2014
This cross-sectional study measured ELF magnetic flux density in a petrochemical complex substation environment and assessed workers' sleep quality (PSQI) and general health (GHQ). It reports significant differences between case and control groups, with more sleep disorder and poorer health status in the case group.…
Occupational exposure to intermediate frequency and extremely low frequency magnetic fields among personnel working near electronic article surveillance systems
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This workplace measurement study assessed intermediate frequency (IF) and extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field exposure among cashiers working near electronic article surveillance (EAS) systems in Finnish stores. Typical seated exposures were reported as well below limits, but short-term exceedances of ICNIRP…
No effects of power line frequency extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure on selected neurobehavior tests of workers inspecting transformers and distribution line stations versus controls
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This study evaluated whether occupational 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure near transformers and distribution power lines affects performance on several computer-based neurobehavior tests. Spot measurements found some electric-field locations above a national occupational standard, while all magnetic-field spots were below the…
Assessment of extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure from GSM mobile phones.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This paper reports extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic flux density measurements from 47 GSM mobile phones, collected to support exposure classification in the MOBI-KIDS epidemiological study. At 25 mm, maximum resultant magnetic flux density at 217 Hz had a geometric mean of 221 nT, and inclusion of harmonics…
Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure on sleep quality in high voltage substations.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2012
This case-control study measured electric field intensity and magnetic flux density in high voltage substations and estimated workers' ELF-EMF exposure over a shift. Sleep quality was assessed using the PSQI in 67 exposed workers and 110 controls. The study reports no statistically significant difference in overall…