Archive
2 postsRadio Frequency Exposure in Military Contexts: A Narrative Review of Thermal Effects and Safety Considerations
This narrative review focuses on RF exposure in military contexts, emphasizing thermal effects as the established mechanism of harm and discussing safety limits set by bodies such as ICNIRP and IEEE. It reports that whole-body SAR limits (≤4 W/kg) generally prevent dangerous core temperature rises, but localized heating risks may persist for tissues like skin and eyes, especially when thermoregulation is impaired. The review highlights CEM43 as a potentially useful thermal-dose metric but notes complexity for transient exposures and calls for improved models and methods across relevant frequency bands.
Auto-Induced Downlink Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure at 3.5 GHz With Focusing Near the Head
This exposure-assessment study uses FDTD simulations to evaluate auto-induced downlink RF-EMF exposure at 3.5 GHz when downlink energy is focused toward user equipment near the head. Exposure varied substantially by device position (ear, eyes, nose) and by the precoding technique used. The authors report that the choice of normalization strategy can produce cases where ICNIRP basic restrictions are exceeded even when reference levels appear compliant, motivating a precautionary framing for compliance assessment.