Optimization of cacao beans fermentation by native species and electromagnetic fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This study optimized cacao bean fermentation for the CCN 51 clone using native microbial species and applied magnetic fields, varying field density, exposure time, and inoculum concentration. It reports improved yield and bean quality versus a no-magnetic-field control at an optimized condition (5 mT, 22.5 min, 1.6%…
Changes of cationic transport in AtCAX5 transformant yeast by electromagnetic field environments.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This laboratory study examined cation transport and intracellular ion levels in a yeast strain (K667) with controlled expression of the plant cation/H+ exchanger AtCAX5 under metallic stress and ELF magnetic-field exposure. Cultures exposed to 60 Hz, 0.1 mT sinusoidal or square-wave magnetic fields showed increased…
[Modulation of Ca(2+)-Dependent Proteiolysis under the Action of Weak Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This animal/model-organism study examined whether weak low-frequency magnetic fields tuned to a proposed parametric resonance for calcium ions affect Ca(2+)-dependent proteolysis. It reports time-dependent modulation of Ca(2+)-dependent proteinase activity in fish and whelk and states that a minimal exposure time for…
The effects of different intensities, frequencies and exposure times of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This in vitro study examined whether extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) affect growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Bacterial cultures were exposed to sinusoidal homogeneous ELF-EMF at 2 or 4 mT, with frequencies of 20, 40, or 50 Hz, for 1–6 hours, and CFU were compared…
Raman spectral analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2 after microwave radiation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2013
This in vitro study used Raman spectroscopy to assess microwave radiation effects on the CNE2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line across exposure times from 2 to 25 minutes. The authors report detectable spectral changes (including C-H deformation and amide I) and significant PCA differences after 10 minutes of…
[Time effect of sinusoidal electromagnetic field on enhancing the maturation and mineralization of osteoblasts in vitro].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2011
This in vitro study exposed newborn rat calvarial osteoblasts to 50 Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic fields at 1.8 mT for different daily exposure times (0.5–3.0 h). The authors report inhibited osteoblast proliferation at longer exposure times, alongside increased differentiation markers (ALP activity) and…
[Effect of 1.8 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on gene expression of rat neurons].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2008
This in vitro study exposed primary cultured rat neurons to 1.8 GHz RF-EMF at an average SAR of 2 W/kg and assessed gene expression changes. The authors report multiple differentially expressed genes after 24 h intermittent exposure and confirm exposure-dependent changes in Egr-1, Mbp, and Plp by semi-quantitative…