Archive
3 postsRadio Frequency Exposure in Military Contexts: A Narrative Review of Thermal Effects and Safety Considerations
This narrative review focuses on RF exposure in military contexts, emphasizing thermal effects as the established mechanism of harm and discussing safety limits set by bodies such as ICNIRP and IEEE. It reports that whole-body SAR limits (≤4 W/kg) generally prevent dangerous core temperature rises, but localized heating risks may persist for tissues like skin and eyes, especially when thermoregulation is impaired. The review highlights CEM43 as a potentially useful thermal-dose metric but notes complexity for transient exposures and calls for improved models and methods across relevant frequency bands.
Characterization of the Core Temperature Response of Free-Moving Rats to 1.95 GHz Electromagnetic Fields
This animal study measured core body temperature in free-moving male and female Sprague Dawley rats during and after 3-hour exposure to 1.95 GHz RF-EMF at multiple whole-body average SAR levels. A measurable thermal response was reported at 4 W/kg, while lower SAR conditions showed smaller or no significant temperature increases. The authors note that temperature dropped quickly after exposure ended, implying post-exposure measurements may underestimate peak heating.
Assessment of RF EMF Exposure to Car Driver from Monopole Array Antennas in V2V Communications Considering Thermal Characteristics
This modeling study assessed RF-EMF exposure from a 5.9 GHz V2V monopole array antenna integrated into a car roof shark-fin antenna. Using COMSOL simulations with an adult male body model inside a vehicle, the authors estimated localized and whole-body SAR and associated core temperature rise over a 30 min averaging period. Reported SAR and temperature rise values were below ICNIRP occupational thermal-based restrictions, leading the authors to conclude the exposure does not pose a threat under the studied conditions.