This animal study examined whether paternal exposure to 4.9 GHz (5G) radiofrequency radiation affects male offspring in C57BL/6 mice. It reports increased anxiety-like behavior and reduced sperm quality in adult F1 males from exposed fathers, alongside reported LRGUK hypermethylation and reduced LRGUK expression in testes. The abstract reports no significant effects on depression-like behavior, learning/memory, or fertility across F1–F2 generations.

This animal study examined Wi-Fi RF-EMR exposure in adult zebrafish (4 hours/day for 30 days) and assessed reproductive tissues and offspring outcomes. The abstract reports testicular and ovarian histopathological abnormalities in exposed adults. Offspring from exposed parents, maintained under EMF-free conditions, reportedly showed increased mortality, morphological abnormalities, and anxiety-like behavior, with malformations increasing with longer parental exposure.

This animal study exposed rats to a 1800 MHz electromagnetic field for 12 weeks and assessed hormones, sperm quality, and behavior. The abstract reports increased corticosterone, decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone, reduced sperm motility/viability, and increased anxiety-like behavior in exposed rats. Some hormonal changes reportedly persisted for at least 2 weeks after exposure ended, and the authors frame the results as indicating adverse endocrine, reproductive, and behavioral effects.

This animal study examined repeated asymmetrical head exposure to a 5G-modulated 3.5 GHz signal in adult male mice for six weeks. It reports no significant changes in locomotion, anxiety, or object-based memory performance under the tested conditions. However, it found statistically significant but limited cortical gene expression changes (<1% of expressed genes), including enrichment for glutamatergic synapse-related genes and lateralized differences involving mitochondrial genome-encoded genes. The authors caution that potential health risks from these intracortical transcriptomic modifications should not be downplayed and note uncertainties about longer exposures and other populations.

This animal study reports that dual-frequency RF EMR exposure (0.8/2.65 GHz, 4 W/kg) induced anxiety-like behavior in mice. It also reports reduced CB1R and endocannabinoid levels in the mPFC and altered endocannabinoid system markers in the BLA. CB1R overexpression or knockdown in the mPFC reportedly decreased or increased anxiety-like behavior, respectively, suggesting a mechanistic link in this model.