This in vitro study exposed HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells for 4 days to weak extremely low frequency magnetic fields (10 μT, 12–33 Hz) superimposed on a 45 μT static field. The authors report frequency- and amplitude-dependent increases or decreases in cell growth, including sharp inversions near 16.5 Hz with small parameter changes or reversal of the static field direction. Associated changes in membrane potential, intracellular calcium, and mitochondrial superoxide are presented as supporting a bioenergetic mechanism.

This scoping review evaluates evidence on mobile phone electromagnetic exposure and its effects on brain oscillations and cortical excitability in healthy individuals. Across 78 EEG studies (and 2 TMS studies), the authors report that exposure may be linked to changes in neural activity, including increased amplitudes in several EEG bands and possible changes in cortical silent period. However, substantial methodological inconsistency across studies limits firm conclusions, and the review highlights limited evidence for 5G/mmWave exposures and argues for precaution and potential guideline revision.

This biophysics study used molecular dynamics simulations to examine how terahertz electromagnetic fields affect ion permeation in voltage-gated potassium (Kv1.2) and sodium (Nav1.5) channels. The simulations report increased ion permeability at several specific terahertz frequencies, with effects depending on field frequency and direction and increasing with field amplitude. The authors frame these results as evidence of specific EMF–ion channel interactions with potential health relevance and possible biomedical applications.