Effects of electromagnetic fields on flatfish activity levels.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This tank-based animal study examined whether realistic electromagnetic fields (AC up to ~15 μT RMS; DC up to ~19.6 μT) affect flatfish behavior near simulated subsea power cable exposure. The authors report no attraction or avoidance of the EMF zone and no behavioral differences inside versus outside the exposed…
Effects of electromagnetic fields from an alternating current power cable on the embryogenesis of three benthic associated marine species.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
A laboratory experiment exposed embryos of three benthic egg-laying marine species to realistic electromagnetic fields generated by an alternating-current subsea power cable set-up (magnetic field 4–6 μT). Subtle effects were reported for Scyliorhinus canicula and Loligo vulgaris, including faster growth and…
An egg case study: Chronic exposure to AC electromagnetic fields results in hyperactivity in thornback ray (Raja clavata L.) embryos.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This animal study examined thornback ray embryos chronically exposed to alternating-current electromagnetic fields (1.8–4.6 μT) across embryogenesis (~20 weeks), relevant to subsea power cables. Exposed embryos showed higher activity levels than non-exposed embryos, while no differences were reported for development…
EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT IN THE VICINITY OF WIND TURBINES.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This exposure assessment measured extremely low frequency magnetic fields near 22 wind turbines in two wind farms in Greece using a Narda NBM-550 with an EHP-50F probe and processing aligned with the 2013/35/EU Directive. Mean magnetic field intensity at the turbine base was reported as low (0.146 µT) and declined to…
Correlation between the Lunar Phase and Tail-Lifting Behavior of Lizards () Exposed to an Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal study examined long-term tail-lifting behavior in agamid lizards exposed to an ELF electromagnetic field (6 and 8 Hz; peak magnetic field 2.6 µT; peak electric field 10 V/m) versus controls, incorporating lunar phase and geomagnetic activity (K index) as explanatory variables. Regression analyses found…
Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields of uninterruptible power supply industry workers
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This workplace exposure assessment reports extensive spot measurements of ELF electric and magnetic fields in a UPS factory across test areas, production lines, and power substations. The highest fields were observed in test areas (up to 992.0 V/m and 215.6 µT). The authors state that measured levels were below…
20 kHz Magnetic Field Emission of Induction Cooking Heaters
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2004
This exposure assessment measured 20 kHz magnetic field leakage from induction cooking heaters across four models and compared results with ICNIRP general public limits. The maximum reported magnetic flux density was 16 µT at a specified measurement point using two S-type pans. Field leakage depended on pan size and…