This dosimetry intercomparison evaluated epithelial/absorbed power density and temperature rise in two high-resolution anatomical human face models under localized antenna exposures at 10 and 30 GHz. The study reports a statistical correlation between spatially averaged absorbed power density and temperature rise when appropriate averaging is applied. Antenna type/configuration was identified as the dominant contributor to variability, exceeding differences from averaging methods or anatomical models.

This numerical dosimetry study modeled localized RF exposure (3–30 GHz) in multi-layer human skin constructs including skin, fat, and muscle, with an added synthetic blood vessel model. Vascular modeling had negligible impact on peak spatial-averaged absorbed power density and a modest impact on peak temperature rise (about 8% at 3 GHz, <3% above 6 GHz). The authors conclude that including vasculature can refine predictions of localized thermal distributions for dosimetry accuracy.

This paper presents a traceable experimental dosimetry method to measure absorbed power density (APD) from body-mounted wireless devices at frequencies above 10 GHz. It combines a miniaturized broadband probe, a composite skin-equivalent phantom, and reconstruction/calibration procedures, with validation using reference antennas. The approach is reported as validated for 24–30 GHz and extendable to 10–45 GHz, supporting regulatory-type testing aligned with international safety standards.