The review states there is no scientific consensus on whether Wi‑Fi (2.4/5 GHz) contributes to Alzheimer's disease through oxidative stress, and that existing results are mixed and inconclusive. It discusses an indirect analysis linking oxidative-stress-responsive genes after 2.4 GHz exposure with genes associated with Alzheimer's disease. The authors suggest chronic exposure could affect regulation of neurodegeneration-related genes (e.g., GSK3B, APOE), while emphasizing that a direct relationship has not been demonstrated and more research is needed.

This review discusses recent studies on microwave and RF exposure and their reported impacts on molecular and cytogenetic materials. It states there is growing evidence that RF exposure can induce DNA damage at levels considered safe by current standards, and cites newly reported genetic alterations in rat cancers after lifetime low-level RF exposure. The article concludes that these findings challenge existing exposure guidelines and support reconsideration of regulatory limits.

This 2025 review summarizes historical and modern literature on how bacteria may adapt to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from common sources such as mobile phones and Wi-Fi. It argues that RF-EMF exposure can influence bacterial survival mechanisms and could potentially compromise therapeutic interventions by promoting increased resistance. The authors frame these possibilities as a public health concern and call for continued research and precaution.

This PRISMA-adherent systematic review searched PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for studies (2017–2024) on physiological or behavioral responses to EMF exposure, emphasizing studies reporting harmful or concerning effects. Across 24 included studies (human non-randomized, in vitro, and animal), the review reports negative biological effects including oxidative stress, inflammation, genotoxicity, cardiovascular and fertility-related outcomes, neuronal activity changes, and plant photosynthesis impacts. The authors report that most studies had moderate to high risk of bias and therefore the overall certainty of evidence was lower, and they highlight major gaps in long-term human evidence and exposure standardization.

This narrative review examines research on radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from mobile towers and its potential association with genetic damage and genetic polymorphism in humans, with an emphasis on India. The abstract states that RF-EMR exposure may affect genetic material and suggests a link between EMR exposure and genetic damage, with possible implications for cancer risk and cell death. It also highlights that genetic polymorphisms may modify susceptibility and calls for further research to clarify health impacts.

This review compares two epidemiologic studies of radio-frequency radiation (RFR) exposure among military personnel with overlapping patient groups. One study reported a statistically significant increase in cancer among exposed individuals, while the other did not, which the review attributes to a smaller sample size. The review highlights similar cancer patterns across both studies, including a high proportion of hematolymphoid cancers and earlier onset among exposed individuals, and interprets these similarities as evidence of carcinogenic effects.

This review discusses how environmental exposures across air, water, and soil pollutants may influence Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset and progression. It highlights EMFs as a potential aggravating factor, reporting associations with oxidative stress, inflammation, calcium dysregulation, and accelerated amyloid-beta plaque accumulation in animal and human studies. The authors emphasize risk reduction strategies and call for further research and public health interventions.

This scoping review and evidence map (PRISMA-ScR) summarizes over 500 studies on RF-EMF exposure and genotoxicity across in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological research. The authors report a higher proportion of significant DNA damage findings in in vivo and epidemiological studies than in vitro studies, with DNA base damage commonly reported under real-world/pulsed/GSM talk-mode conditions and longer exposures. They conclude that DNA damage has been observed at exposure levels below ICNIRP limits and recommend precautionary measures and updates to guidelines to address potential non-thermal effects.

This systematic review synthesizes animal studies on low frequency magnetic field exposure in relation to neurodegenerative diseases. It reports no support for a causal induction of Alzheimer’s-type neuropathology in naive animals, while noting that evidence is too limited to draw strong conclusions for motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson’s disease regarding induced neuropathology. In models with pre-existing neurodegenerative disease, the review describes possible therapeutic effects on behavioral and neuroanatomical outcomes for dementia-related conditions, and no apparent effect on motor neuron disease progression.

This narrative review discusses low-intensity RF-EMF exposure, primarily from mobile phones, with a focus on thermoregulation and energy homeostasis. It reports that many rodent studies at 900 MHz describe cold-like thermoregulatory and behavioral responses and molecular findings suggestive of WAT browning, while BAT transcriptional changes typical of cold exposure were not observed. The authors indicate short-term adaptations may not disrupt homeostasis, but emphasize uncertainty about long-term consequences and call for further research, including at 5G-relevant frequencies.

This review-style text discusses polarized, coherent microwaves that are modulated and pulsed at extremely low frequencies (ELF) and suggests these characteristics may increase biological interactions. It emphasizes that intensity variability and ELF modulation are important for understanding EMF–biology interactions. It also states that such exposures have been linked to health risks in the scientific literature, framing the topic as relevant to EMF safety and public health risk mitigation.

This narrative review discusses biological mechanisms and reported health effects of anthropogenic extremely low frequency (ELF) and wireless communication (WC) electromagnetic fields. It highlights oxidative stress and DNA damage as key mechanistic endpoints and proposes an IFO-VGIC pathway linking EMF exposure to ROS overproduction and cellular dysfunction. The authors interpret the broader literature as indicating risks (e.g., cancer, infertility, EHS) even below current exposure limits and advocate precautionary policy measures, including stricter limits and a 5G moratorium.

This review discusses the rapid deployment of 5G and the associated debate about potential human health impacts from EMF exposure, particularly at 3.5–26 GHz including millimeter waves. It emphasizes limited published studies in these exposure ranges and highlights EU-funded initiatives and research consortia aimed at closing knowledge gaps. The authors state that guidelines are generally considered adequate at present, but argue that uncertainties—especially regarding long-term exposure—support continued research and precautionary approaches.

This paper is a commentary reviewing how Bradford Hill’s epidemiological criteria can be applied to multidisciplinary evidence on RF-EMF exposure and adverse health effects. It reports that systematic reviews and meta-analyses in this area often reach substantially different conclusions, and argues that key weaknesses in primary studies—especially exposure measurement error and insufficient time for long-latency tumors—help explain the divergence. The author suggests these limitations may cause underestimation of potential causation if the associations are truly causal, and calls for independent guidelines to improve future epidemiological research quality.

This narrative review discusses how environmental factors may affect male reproductive health through epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA regulation. It reports that electromagnetic radiation, particularly from mobile phones and wireless devices, is linked in the reviewed literature to reduced sperm count and motility, increased oxidative stress, and chromatin damage. The authors conclude there is a substantive connection between EMF exposure and adverse male reproductive outcomes and suggest practical risk-reduction guidance.

This review discusses potential impacts of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from technologies such as Wi‑Fi and mobile phones on the central nervous system, neurotransmitter dynamics, and reproductive health. It describes proposed mechanisms including oxidative stress, thermal effects, altered neurotransmitter activity, ion channel changes, and neuronal apoptosis, while acknowledging conflicting evidence. The authors note that Wi‑Fi RF exposure has not been confirmed to exceed safety guidelines but argue that updated standards and long-term studies are needed, particularly for children/adolescents and in the context of expanding technologies such as 5G.

This mini-review discusses indoor radiation sources that may affect companion animals, including radon, radionuclides in feed, radiofrequency sources (phones, Wi-Fi, pet tracking devices), solar radiation, and extremely low frequency radiation. It reports that indoor radiation may negatively impact companion animal health and well-being. The authors conclude that preventive and precautionary measures are necessary to protect companion animals from indoor radiation exposure.

This review examines links between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields, especially the Schumann resonance at ~7.83 Hz, and biological regulation of bioelectricity. It describes proposed mechanisms involving calcium flux modulation and downstream effects on neural activity (including EEG) and circadian rhythms. The article presents both potential benefits from controlled ELF exposures (e.g., therapeutic applications) and potential harms from artificial EMFs disrupting key physiological processes, while emphasizing the need for further research.