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This animal study compared 50 Hz extremely low-frequency EMF exposure with doxorubicin (and their combination) in Walker-256 carcinosarcoma-bearing rats, assessing tumor growth and liver redox-related outcomes. DOX and DOX+EMF were reported to inhibit tumor growth more than EMF alone, though EMF alone also showed an…

This in vitro study tested 50 Hz, 1 mT ELF-EMF exposure (8 h/day for 21 days) and betaine (10 mM) during osteogenic induction of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The authors report ELF-EMF decreased osteogenic differentiation and reduced RUNX2 and OCN gene expression compared with non-EMF conditions.…

This in vitro and rat-model study evaluated sinusoidal low-frequency EMF combined with a PCL/nHA scaffold seeded with BMSCs for intervertebral fusion. The authors report enhanced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and pro-osteogenic effects of conditioned medium from EMF-treated BMSCs, with suggested involvement of…

This in vitro study examined whether low-frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) exposure affects viability of human oral mucosa keratinocytes. Apoptosis (early/late) and necrosis were measured by flow cytometry, including conditions with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or minocycline. The authors report that LF-EMF, alone…

This multi-generation animal study exposed worms continuously to 50 Hz, 3 mT extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields and assessed outcomes in the 15th generation. The study reports increased body length, higher ATP content and ATP synthase activity, and upregulated ATP-related gene expression in exposed worms.…

This animal study evaluated whether low-frequency EMF exposure affects bioengineered hair follicle generation in nude mice injected with a mixture of epidermal stem cells and dermal papilla cells. Histology (H&E) at 7 or 14 days suggested more hair follicle eruption and higher density of hair follicle-like structures…

This in vitro study used spectroscopic and conductometry methods to examine binding between human hemoglobin and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide, with and without electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure. The authors report that EMF changed the Hb–ACEIP interaction and that binding was associated with…

This in vitro study tested whether 50 Hz extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (0.5 or 1 mT) affect human dental pulp stem cell survival and proliferation. Using MTT and DAPI assays after 7 days of exposure (20 or 40 min/day), all exposed groups reportedly showed higher viability/proliferation than controls.…

This in vitro study evaluated whether extremely low-frequency EMF (50 Hz,

This in vitro study exposed human dermal papilla cells to 70 Hz extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields at 5–100 G for four days. The abstract reports increased expression of several anagen-related molecules and increased proliferation, with 10 G described as the most potent condition. It also reports…

This study tested pulsed low-frequency electromagnetic fields (up to 10,000 Hz; max 21 mT) as a potential alternative sanitation approach for poultry drinking water systems. LF-EMF exposure was linked to variable changes in culturable bacterial counts, with direction depending on system type and some early…

This in vitro study evaluated whether extremely low-frequency EMF exposure (100 Hz, 100 G) modifies the effects of temozolomide (100 µM) in human glioblastoma U87 cells over 120–144 hours. The authors report that combined treatment reduced stemness-associated markers (Nestin, CD133, Notch4) and increased GFAP…

This in vitro study exposed human mesenchymal stem cell pellets undergoing chondrogenesis to simulated microgravity (SMG), low-frequency EMF (5 mT, 15 Hz), or both for 3 weeks. SMG significantly changed gene expression and reduced chondrogenic marker expression (including COL2A1). LF-EMF alone showed no…

This in vitro study examined acute low-frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) exposure using high-induction magnetic stimulation in F11 cells, a dorsal root ganglia neuron-derived model of peripheral sensory neurons. Short-term exposure (

This in vitro study used a 3D dermal papilla-like tissue model containing dermal papilla cells and melanocytes to assess melanogenesis after rice bran extract (RBE), extremely low-frequency EMF, or their combination. The combined RBE/EMF condition showed higher tyrosinase activity, increased melanogenesis-related…