Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field reduces oxidative stress during the rehabilitation of post-acute stroke patients.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study evaluated ELF-EMF magnetotherapy as an adjunct to post-acute ischemic stroke rehabilitation in 57 patients, comparing those who received ELF-EMF therapy with those who did not. The authors report that oxidative stress markers (TBARS, thiol, and carbonyl groups) decreased more in the ELF-EMF group than in…
Low frequency electromagnetic field decreases ischemia-reperfusion injury of human cardiomyocytes and supports their metabolic function.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study tested whether extremely low frequency/low frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) exposure modifies ischemia-reperfusion injury in human cardiac-related cell types. Using LDH and MMP-2 activities and fluorescein diacetate staining, the authors report that short courses of LF-EMF reduced cellular…
Effects of Fifty-Hertz Electromagnetic Fields on Granulocytic Differentiation of ATRA-Treated Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia NB4 Cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study examined whether 50 Hz, 2 mT extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields affect ATRA-driven granulocytic differentiation in NB4 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. The authors report reduced proliferation and enhanced maturation/differentiation markers with ELF-EMF exposure. They also report…
Electromagnetic field pretreatment of Sinapis alba seeds improved cadmium phytoextraction.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This laboratory study tested whether brief ELF-EMF seed pretreatment could enhance cadmium accumulation in white mustard seedlings. Seeds exposed to 50 Hz alternating EMF (60 or 120 mT) for 1 minute produced shoots with higher cadmium content than controls, while biomass was unchanged. The authors suggest potential…
Extremely low frequency variable electromagnetic fields affect cancer and noncancerous cells in vitro differently: Preliminary study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study exposed cancer (U87-MG; 143B) and noncancerous (BJ; HEK) cells to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields under varying frequencies (2–60 Hz), waveforms, and exposure durations, with sham controls. Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay. The authors report that cancer and…
Case-Control Study on Occupational Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields and the Association with Meningioma.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This case-control analysis assessed occupational extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure and meningioma using the INTEROCC ELF-EMF job-exposure matrix. Cumulative, average, and maximum job exposure metrics were evaluated. The study reports no increased meningioma risk in any exposure…
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields accelerates wound healing modulating MMP-9 and inflammatory cytokines.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study used a scratch wound model in human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) to examine effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF). ELF-EMF exposure was reported to accelerate wound closure compared with sham and to increase inflammatory cytokine expression/release. The authors…
Effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on antioxidant activity in the human keratinocyte cell line NCTC 2544.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study exposed human keratinocyte cells (NCTC 2544) to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 0.25–2 G and assessed oxidative stress-related endpoints. Significant increases in ROS were reported at 0.5 and 1 G, with associated short-term changes in antioxidant and lipid peroxidation markers. The authors report that…
Benign Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Brain Plasticity Assessed by Nitric Oxide Metabolism during Poststroke Rehabilitation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This study assessed whether adding extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure to a 4-week poststroke rehabilitation program affects nitric oxide (NO)-related biomarkers and patient status. Forty-eight poststroke patients were assigned to ELF-EMF versus non-ELF-EMF rehabilitation, with the…
Influence of the on-line ELF-EMF stimulation on the electrophysiological properties of the rat hippocampal CA1 neurons in vitro.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This paper describes an on-line ELF magnetic stimulation setup and evaluates coil field distribution using COMSOL simulations alongside physical measurements. The authors report that modeled and measured magnetic flux densities were similar, and that stimulation induced sodium channel currents and fEPSPs in rat…
Rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells aging reduction by zinc sulfate under extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure is associated with increased telomerase reverse transcriptase gene expression.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study exposed rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to 50 Hz, 20 mT ELF-EMF for 30 minutes per day over 21 days, with and without zinc sulfate. The authors report ELF-EMF exposure decreased TERT gene expression and increased senescent cells. Zinc sulfate was reported to increase TERT expression and…
Effect of electromagnetic fields and antioxidants on the trace element content of rat teeth.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study examined whether extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) from a high-voltage source alter trace element concentrations in rat teeth and whether antioxidants (melatonin and glutathione) modify these changes. Rats were exposed 8 hours/day for 26 or 52 days, with separate sham…
Vitamin C and Vitamin E Protected B and Balb/c-3T3 Cells from Apoptosis Induced by Intermittent 50Hz ELF-EMF Radiation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study exposed B cells and Balb/c-3T3 cells to intermittent 50 Hz power-line ELF-EMF and assessed apoptosis. The authors report that preincubation with vitamin C or vitamin E reduced apoptosis compared with the exposed group. They conclude that vitamins C and E have protective effects, with stronger…
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) reduces oxidative stress and improves functional and psychological status in ischemic stroke patients.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This clinical study evaluated whether adding ELF-EMF exposure to a 4-week rehabilitation program affects antioxidant and clinical status in ischemic stroke patients. Fifty-seven patients were assigned to an ELF-EMF group or a non-ELF-EMF group, with the exposed group receiving 40 Hz, 7 mT for 15 minutes per day over…
Alterations of Immune Parameters on Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae Exposed to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study exposed Trichoplusia ni larvae to 60 Hz, 2.0 mT ELF-EMF for 24, 48, or 72 hours and assessed immune parameters and fertility. The abstract reports no effect on life cycle and fertility after 24 hours, but several immune-related measures changed after 48–72 hours, including reduced hemolymph protein…
Quantum mechanical model for the anticarcinogenic effect of extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields on early chemical hepatocarcinogenesis.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This study develops a quantum-mechanical radical pair mechanism model to examine how an extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) might influence early chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. The model evaluates singlet-state recombination and quantum yield under a low magnetic field effect, proposing…
Effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) exposure on B6C3F1 mice
Research
RF Safe Research Library
May 5, 2015
This long-term animal study exposed mice to a 50 Hz magnetic field (500 mG) prenatally and then through 15.5 months of life to assess tumor-related outcomes and fertility-related measures. Exposed mice had lower body weights and showed no increase in liver or lung tumor incidence. However, exposed female mice had a…
A cross-sectional study on oxidative stress in workers exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This cross-sectional study compared oxidative stress and genotoxicity biomarkers between 310 ELF-EMF-exposed inspection workers and 300 logistical staff controls. The authors report no statistically significant differences in antioxidant-related measures (T-AOC, GPx, SOD) or MDA, and no significant differences in…
The effects of different intensities, frequencies and exposure times of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This in vitro study examined whether extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) affect growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Bacterial cultures were exposed to sinusoidal homogeneous ELF-EMF at 2 or 4 mT, with frequencies of 20, 40, or 50 Hz, for 1–6 hours, and CFU were compared…
Experimental model for ELF-EMF exposure: Concern for human health.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This in vitro study examined whether extremely low frequency EMF exposure alters MCP-1 expression in several human cell lines. Cells were exposed to a 50 Hz sinusoidal field at 1 mT (rms), and the authors report that MCP-1 expression was modified in a cell-type-dependent manner. The findings are described as…
Melatonin protects rat cerebellar granule cells against electromagnetic field-induced increases in Na(+) currents through intracellular Ca(2+) release
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This in vitro study examined extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) effects on voltage-gated sodium (Nav) currents in rat cerebellar granule cells and whether melatonin modifies these effects. The abstract reports that 60 minutes of ELF-EMF exposure increased Nav current density, and that melatonin…
Assessment of the neurotoxic potential of exposure to 50Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) in naïve and chemically stressed PC12 cells
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This in vitro study tested acute (30 min) and sub-chronic (48 h) 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure up to 1000 µT in naïve and chemically stressed PC12 cells. Across assays of Ca2+ homeostasis, ROS production, and membrane integrity, the study reports no consistent or measurable neurotoxic effects under the tested conditions.…
No effects of power line frequency extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure on selected neurobehavior tests of workers inspecting transformers and distribution line stations versus controls
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This study evaluated whether occupational 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure near transformers and distribution power lines affects performance on several computer-based neurobehavior tests. Spot measurements found some electric-field locations above a national occupational standard, while all magnetic-field spots were below the…
Effect of ELF-EMF Exposure on Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line: a Proteomics Analysis
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This in vitro study exposed SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells to a 2 mT, 50 Hz magnetic field for 3 hours and assessed protein expression using proteomics. The authors report that 189 proteins changed expression in exposed cells compared with controls, with PCA/clustering separating samples by condition. They…
Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field from Convective Air Warming System on Temperature Selection and Distance.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This study measured extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) emitted by a convective air warming (forced air warmer) device at different temperature settings and distances. Reported ELF-EMF levels increased with closer proximity and higher temperature settings, with mean values around 18 mG at 30 cm.…