Performance Evaluation and Calibration of Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Area Monitors Using a Multi-Wire Transverse Electromagnetic (MWTEM) Transmission Line.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This engineering study evaluates and calibrates an EMF area monitor for the 300 kHz–20 MHz frequency band using a multi-wire transverse electromagnetic (MWTEM) transmission line as a controlled electric-field source. The authors highlight that low-frequency electric-field measurements can be sensitive to boundary…
Inclusion of mobile phone usage guidelines in universal hypertension management protocol: an opinion
Research
RF Safe Research Library
May 30, 2024
This opinion piece discusses the global and India-specific burden of hypertension and frames a problem of mobile phone use by patients while waiting for care. It references standard blood pressure measurement guidance recommending refraining from talking for a few minutes before measurement, noting that this may…
Is Cellphone Carrying Below the Waist (Exposure to Non-Ionizing Radiation) Contributing to the Rapid Rise in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer?
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2024
This conference abstract reports a pilot matched case-control study examining whether carrying a cellphone below the waist is associated with early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). The authors report higher EOCRC likelihood among those who carried phones below the waist, with the strongest association for ipsilateral…
Prospective cohort study on non-specific symptoms, cognitive, behavioral, sleep and mental health in relation to electronic media use and transportation noise among adolescents (HERMES): study protocol
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2024
This protocol describes the third wave of the HERMES prospective adolescent cohort in Switzerland, with follow-up every four months and at one year. The study will assess electronic media use, modeled RF-EMF and transportation noise exposures, and a range of outcomes including cognition, behavior, sleep, mental…
Temporal Change of Outdoor Rf-Emf Levels Four in European Countries: A Microenvironmental Measurement Study
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2024
This microenvironmental measurement study assessed temporal trends in outdoor RF-EMF exposure from 2016 to 2023 in four European countries using repeated walking-route measurements with exposimeters. The abstract reports that data did not suggest significant changes in mobile base station (downlink) exposure over…
Comparison of a radiofrequency electric and magnetic field source-based job-exposure matrix with personal radiofrequency exposure measurements.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2024
This study compared historical occupational RF-EMF exposure estimates from the INTEROCC RF job-exposure matrix (RF-JEM) with recent personal RF-EMF measurements from the OccRF-Health study in two countries. Agreement between the two approaches was poor for both exposure prevalence and 8-hour time-weighted average…
Comprehensive Analysis of Magnetic Flux Density and RF-EMF Exposure in Electric Buses: A Case Study from Samsun, Turkey.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2024
This case study measured magnetic flux density and RF-EMF on electric buses on two routes in Samsun, Turkey, across different driving conditions and times of day. It reports route- and condition-dependent variability in magnetic fields, with braking associated with higher readings on one route, and lower overall…
In Situ Assessment of Uplink Duty Cycles for 4G and 5G Wireless Communications.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2024
This exposure assessment measured in situ smartphone uplink duty cycles for 4G LTE and 5G NR across six voice, video, and data use cases. Measurements were taken at ten positions near a 4G and 5G base-station site in Belgium. Reported duty cycles varied by application, with some use cases showing low-to-moderate duty…
Modulation of Inflammatory Response by Electromagnetic Field Stimulation in Traumatic Brain Injury in Yucatan Swine.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2024
This pilot animal study evaluated helmet-delivered EMF stimulation after controlled cortical impact traumatic brain injury in Yucatan miniswine. Three weeks after injury, EMF-treated animals reportedly showed preserved neuronal tissue morphology and reduced inflammatory markers across several measurement platforms.…
Personal exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in various occupations in Spain and France.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This study conducted personal full-shift RF-EMF measurements in 333 workers across 46 occupations in Spain and France. Most 1-second measurements of electric and magnetic fields were below the device detection limit (≥1% of 1998 ICNIRP standards), though many workers had at least one detectable reading. A small…
Comment on: What is the radiation before 5G? A correlation study between measurements in situ and in real time and epidemiological indicators in Vallecas, Madrid, by I. López, N. Félix, M. Rivera, A. Alonso, and C. Maestú.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This article is a comment on a previously published correlation study assessing whether RF-EMF exposure relates to survey-based health indicators such as sleep, headache, and fatigue. The authors state they performed a detailed analysis of the original study and offer clarifications. The abstract does not provide the…
An Out-of-Phase Wireless Power Transfer System for Implantable Medical Devices to Reduce Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Field and Increase Power Transfer Efficiency.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This engineering study proposes an out-of-phase coupled wireless power transfer system for implantable medical devices intended to reduce electromagnetic field exposure in the tissue region between transmitting and receiving coils. The authors report, via simulation and measurements, lower EMF and higher power…
Evaluating the Intrinsic Electromagnetic Field Generated by Neurons From Repetitive Motor Activities in Humans With a Non-contact Non-invasive Electromagnetic Helmet.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This study reports a non-contact, non-invasive helmet system intended to measure intrinsic electromagnetic fields generated by the human brain during stereotyped motor tasks. Volunteers performed repetitive tapping, and the authors report discernible wave changes compared with rest and baseline measurements without a…
Novel Method of Electromagnetic Field Measurements of the Human Brain.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This study describes a lightweight, inexpensive construct using non-contact EMF sensors to measure dynamic electromagnetic fields attributed to the human brain. Measurements in non-clinical volunteers reportedly differed from background recordings and changed during task performance and auditory stimulation. The…
Towards Environmental RF-EMF Assessment of mmWave High-Node Density Complex Heterogeneous Environments.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This paper presents an RF-EMF exposure assessment combining measurements and deterministic 3D ray-launching simulations in a large indoor public library with high node density. It considers mmWave 5G FR2 at 28 GHz and Wi-Fi 802.11ay at 60 GHz under realistic operation conditions with varying user distributions. The…
Artificial Neural Network-Based Uplink Power Prediction From Multi-Floor Indoor Measurement Campaigns in 4G Networks.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This paper describes multi-floor indoor LTE measurement campaigns aimed at enabling assessment and monitoring of RF-EMF exposure, with emphasis on uplink exposure via mobile phone transmit power. Because uplink transmit power is not directly available from off-the-shelf devices, the authors propose an artificial…
Morphometric analysis - effect of the radiofrequency interface of electromagnetic field on the size of hatched Dermacentor reticulatus larvae.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This animal study examined whether exposing Dermacentor reticulatus tick eggs to 900 MHz RF-EMF for 30, 60, or 90 minutes affects the size of hatched larvae. The authors report that the 60-minute exposure group produced larvae with larger measurements across four body traits compared with unexposed controls and other…
3D GIS for surface modelling of magnetic fields generated by overhead power lines and their validation in a complex urban area.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This paper presents a 3D GIS approach to model magnetic fields from overhead high-voltage power lines while accounting for terrain relief and cable catenary. The model was validated against extensive field measurements in two complex urban environments and showed good agreement with measured values, though accuracy…
Wi-fi related radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF): a pilot experimental study of personal exposure and risk perception.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This pilot experimental study tested whether different types of information (basic text, precautionary information, or personal RF-EMF exposure measurements) affect perceptions of Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz) RF-EMF. Risk perception and exposure perception did not differ by the type of information provided, although receiving…
Exposure assessment of radio frequency electromagnetic field levels in hospitals of Samsun Province, Turkey.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This exposure assessment measured RF-EMF levels in 21 state hospitals in Samsun Province, Turkey using short-term, long-term, and band-selective approaches across 100 kHz–3 GHz (total) and 27 MHz–3 GHz (band-selective). The study reports that the ICTA 3 V/m limit was exceeded in at least some hospital measurements,…
EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT IN THE VICINITY OF WIND TURBINES.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This exposure assessment measured extremely low frequency magnetic fields near 22 wind turbines in two wind farms in Greece using a Narda NBM-550 with an EHP-50F probe and processing aligned with the 2013/35/EU Directive. Mean magnetic field intensity at the turbine base was reported as low (0.146 µT) and declined to…
Anthropogenic electromagnetic fields (EMF) influence the behaviour of bottom-dwelling marine species.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This animal study examined behavioural responses of American lobster and Little skate to EMF emissions from a subsea HVDC transmission cable. It reports a marked increase in exploratory/foraging behaviour in skates and a subtler exploratory response in lobsters when exposed to cable EMF. The authors also measured…
Wideband Self-Grounded Bow-Tie Antenna for Thermal MR.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This engineering study designed and tested a compact wideband self-grounded bow-tie RF antenna module for a whole-body 7.0 T MRI system, aiming to enable 1H/19F MRI, MR thermometry, and broadband RF thermal intervention. The authors report validated B1 efficiency measurements and phantom-based heating experiments…
[Electromagnetic field in the environment - estimation methods and monitoring].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This paper discusses the legal context for environmental EMF measurements and describes methods for estimating EMF intensity from multiple sources, particularly cellular base stations. It presents an engineering concept for mobile EMF monitoring and reports verification testing of the measurement setup. Field…
APPLICATION OF TIME-AVERAGED AND INTEGRAL-BASED MEASURE FOR MEASUREMENT RESULTS VARIABILITY REDUCTION IN GSM/DCS/UMTS SYSTEMS.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This exposure-assessment study evaluated temporal variability of RF-EMF levels from GSM/DCS/UMTS networks using continuous personal exposimeter logging. It proposes an integral-based measure (accumulated energy density from instantaneous power density) alongside 24 h time-averaging to reduce variability in daily…