Phagocytosis of latex beads by a human monocytic Mono Mac 6 cell line and effects of low-frequency electromagnetic field interaction.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This in vitro study tested whether a low-frequency EMF (7 Hz, 30 mT) alters phagocytosis-related outcomes in the human monocytic Mono Mac 6 cell line. EMF exposure was associated with increased necrosis in cells pre-stimulated with SEB and then undergoing latex bead phagocytosis, while no significant cell-death…
Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Stimulation (ELF-EMS) Improves Neurological Outcome and Reduces Microglial Reactivity in a Rodent Model of Global Transient Stroke.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This animal and laboratory study evaluated extremely low-frequency electromagnetic stimulation (ELF-EMS) in a rodent ischemia-reperfusion stroke model and related in vitro/slice experiments. The authors report improved neurological and behavioral outcomes, increased neuronal survival, and reduced glial/microglial…
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure alters DNA methylation levels in the endometrium of pigs during the peri-implantation period.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This in vitro study exposed porcine endometrial slices from the peri-implantation period (days 15–16 of pregnancy) to 50 Hz ELF-EMF for 2 hours and assessed promoter DNA methylation in selected genes. The authors report increased methylation for EGR2, ID2, and PTGER4, decreased methylation for IL1RAP and NOS3, and no…
Transcriptome profiling of flax plants exposed to a low-frequency alternating electromagnetic field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This study aims to perform transcriptome profiling in flax plants exposed to a low-frequency alternating electromagnetic field. The abstract frames prior work as suggesting EMF-related changes in free radical homeostasis and altered expression of genes involved in stress responses, ion transport, and cell wall…
Synergistic cytotoxic effects of an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field with doxorubicin on MCF-7 cell line.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This in vitro study tested whether a 50 Hz, 20 mT extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) enhances the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin (DOX) in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The authors report that combining ELF-EMF with low-dose DOX reduced cell viability at lower DOX concentrations than DOX…
EMAGINE-Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial for determining the efficacy of a frequency tuned electromagnetic field treatment in facilitating recovery within the subacute phase following ischemic stroke.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This paper presents the protocol for the EMAGINE multicenter, double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial testing an extremely low-frequency, low-intensity, frequency-tuned electromagnetic field therapy (ENTF) after subacute ischemic stroke. Participants will start active or sham treatment 4–21 days post-stroke,…
Measuring and assessing the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on blood parameters and liver enzymes of personnel working in high voltage power stations in a petrochemical industry.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This cross-sectional study in a petrochemical industry compared 50 high-voltage power-station workers exposed to ELF-EMF with 50 controls. Electric and magnetic fields were measured at 200 points, and blood parameters and liver enzymes were extracted from medical records. The study reports no significant differences…
Impact of ketamine administration on chronic unpredictable stress-induced rat model of depression during extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure: Behavioral, histological and molecular study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This animal study evaluated ketamine administration combined with extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure in a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) rat model. The authors report that the combined treatment increased depression-like behavior and neuronal degeneration, reduced GFAP(+) cells in…
Comparative Study of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field, Radiation, and Temozolomide Administration in Spheroid and Monolayer Forms of the Glioblastoma Cell Line (T98).
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This in vitro study assessed 50 Hz, 100 G extremely low-frequency EMF in combination with temozolomide and radiation in T98 glioblastoma cells grown as monolayers and spheroids. Radiation plus EMF increased apoptosis-related gene expression, while temozolomide plus EMF increased autophagy marker expression compared…
Enhanced dechlorination of trichloroethene by sulfidated microscale zero-valent iron under low-frequency AC electromagnetic field.
Research
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Jan 1, 2022
This laboratory remediation study evaluates low-frequency AC electromagnetic field (AC EMF) induction heating of sulfidated microscale zero-valent iron (S-mZVI) to enhance dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE). The authors report substantially higher heating of S-mZVI under AC EMF and faster TCE degradation than…
The Effect of Time-Dependence of 10 Hz Electromagnetic Field on Spatial Learning and Memory in Rats.
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Jan 1, 2022
This animal study exposed 40 adult male rats to a 10 Hz (4 mT) extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field for 1 hour daily for either 7 or 30 days. The authors report improved spatial memory after prolonged (30-day) exposure, alongside increased hippocampal BDNF levels. They also note a significant body weight…
The Effect of 12 Hz Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Field on Visual Memory of Male Macaque Monkeys.
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Jan 1, 2022
This animal experiment assessed visual memory, cortisol, GR gene expression, and amygdala volume in four male rhesus macaques exposed to a 12 Hz, 0.7 μT ELF magnetic field. The exposed monkeys reportedly showed improved visual memory and reduced serum cortisol and GR gene expression, while controls did not show…
Protein expression changes during phagocytosis influenced by low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This in vitro study examined whether a low-frequency EMF (30 mT, 7 Hz for 3 h) alters phagocytosis of latex beads and immune-related protein/gene expression in the human Mono Mac 6 macrophage cell line. The authors report that EMF exposure influenced phagocytosis-associated molecular markers, with notable changes in…
Improved osteogenic differentiation by extremely low electromagnetic field exposure: possible application for bone engineering.
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Jan 1, 2022
This in vitro study examined intermittent extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure (6 h/day) in human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic differentiation. After 10 days, ELF-EMF-exposed cells showed increased proliferation and calcium deposition versus sham.…
Bidirectional Effect of Repeated Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field (50 Hz) of 1 and 7 mT on Oxidative/Antioxidative Status in Rat's Brain: The Prediction for the Vulnerability to Diseases.
Research
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Jan 1, 2022
This rat study examined repeated 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure (1 or 7 mT) and measured oxidative stress and antioxidant defense markers in the prefrontal cortex, including responses to a subsequent open-field stressor. The authors report intensity- and repetition-dependent effects: 1 mT produced weak changes and was…
Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Increase Cytokines in Human Hair Follicles through Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This in vitro/ex vivo study examined extremely low-frequency EMF exposure in human hair bulb spheroids and hair follicle organ cultures. The authors report no toxicity and increased expression of anagen-related markers and multiple cytokines/growth factors at 5–20 G, with 10 G for 60 minutes associated with increased…
Changes in Free Radical Processes under the Influence of Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field in Rats.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This in vivo animal study examined how low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure affects antioxidant status in Wistar rats. The authors report frequency-dependent changes in antioxidant enzyme activity and hydroperoxide content in blood plasma. They also propose that LF EMF may stimulate low levels of ROS that…
Physiotherapeutic Reduction of Orofacial Pain Using Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field and Light-Emitting Diode Therapy-A Pilot Study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This randomized pilot study evaluated whether adding combined extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF EMF) and LED physiotherapy to standard analgesics reduces postoperative orofacial pain after orthognathic surgery. The physiotherapy group reportedly experienced faster pain reduction than controls. The…
Regulation of skeletal myogenesis in C2C12 cells through modulation of Pax7, MyoD, and myogenin via different low-frequency electromagnetic field energies.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This in vitro study examined how low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF-EMF) at different magnetic flux densities influence skeletal myogenesis in C2C12 cells. The authors report that 2.0 mT LF-EMF activated cells and increased PAX7, while 1.5 mT increased MyoD and myogenin expression. They conclude that different…
Conformational changes of β-thalassemia major hemoglobin and oxidative status of plasma after in vitro exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields: An artificial neural network analysis.
Research
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Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study exposed blood samples from β-thalassemia major patients and matched healthy donors (n=12 each) to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 0.5 and 1 mT for 1–2 hours. The authors report that two-hour exposure induced significant oxidative changes in β-thalassemia major samples and examined protein/Hb structural features…
Comparing the Effects of Long-term Exposure to Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Different Values on Learning, Memory, Anxiety, and β-amyloid Deposition in Adult Rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This animal study exposed adult male rats to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 1, 100, 500, or 2000 μT for 1 hour/day over two months and assessed behavior and brain markers. The authors report increased memory retention (higher step-through latency) alongside increased anxiety-like behavior (reduced open-arm entries), particularly…
Improved Calculation Method of Coupling Factors for Low-Frequency Wireless Power Transfer Systems.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This engineering/methods study addresses computational artifacts that can affect coupling factor calculations for localized EMF exposure assessment in IEC 62311/62233, particularly below 10 MHz. The authors propose using the 99.99th percentile rather than the maximum internal quantity to mitigate abnormal peaks from…
Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Attenuates Phasic Nociception after Complete Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This animal study evaluated whole-body extremely low-frequency EMF stimulation after thoracic complete spinal cord injury in adult male rats. The authors report reduced nociceptive behaviors (hyperalgesia/allodynia) from week 6 onward and restoration of spinal reflexes by week 8. They also report lower glutamate at…
EVALUATION OF BCL2 AND ITS REGULATORY MIRS, MIR-15-B AND MIR-16 EXPRESSION CHANGES UNDER THE EXPOSURE OF EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ON HUMAN GASTRIC CANCER CELL LINE.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study examined whether extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) at 0.2 or 2 mT (continuous or 1.5 h on/1.5 h off) for 18 hours alter viability and gene/miRNA expression in AGS gastric cancer cells. The authors report a significant reduction in cell viability at 2 mT continuous exposure.…
Hydrogel-hydroxyapatite-monomeric collagen type-I scaffold with low-frequency electromagnetic field treatment enhances osteochondral repair in rabbits.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This animal and in vitro study evaluated a composite osteochondral scaffold with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) combined with low-frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) stimulation. The authors report that EMF promoted BMSC proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation in vitro, partly via PI3K/AKT/mTOR…