Rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells aging reduction by zinc sulfate under extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure is associated with increased telomerase reverse transcriptase gene expression.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study exposed rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to 50 Hz, 20 mT ELF-EMF for 30 minutes per day over 21 days, with and without zinc sulfate. The authors report ELF-EMF exposure decreased TERT gene expression and increased senescent cells. Zinc sulfate was reported to increase TERT expression and…
Stable morphological-physiological and neural protein expression changes in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells treated with electromagnetic field and nitric oxide.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study evaluated combined effects of extremely low frequency EMF (50 Hz, 20 mT) and nitric oxide (NO) on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The authors report reduced viability and morphology changes with high NO in the presence of EMF, along with increased calcium ion entry. They also report…
Theta-gamma coupling in hippocampus during working memory deficits induced by low frequency electromagnetic field exposure.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This mouse study examined whether 50 Hz, 1 mT electromagnetic field exposure affects working memory and hippocampal electrophysiology. The authors report reduced Y-maze working memory performance after 3 days of EMF exposure, accompanied by decreased hippocampal firing rates. They also report reduced theta and…
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) reduces oxidative stress and improves functional and psychological status in ischemic stroke patients.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This clinical study evaluated whether adding ELF-EMF exposure to a 4-week rehabilitation program affects antioxidant and clinical status in ischemic stroke patients. Fifty-seven patients were assigned to an ELF-EMF group or a non-ELF-EMF group, with the exposed group receiving 40 Hz, 7 mT for 15 minutes per day over…
Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on in-vitro cellular cultures HeLa and CHO.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2016
This in-vitro study examined whether 50 Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields affect proliferation in HeLa and CHO cell cultures. The abstract reports increased proliferation in exposed cells versus controls, with the largest reported increase under repetitive exposure at 2.49 mT (40 minutes every 12…
The Effects of Exposure to Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in the Treatment of Migraine Headache: A Cohort Study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2016
This cohort study followed 114 migraine patients and assessed self-reported use of mobile phones, Wi-Fi devices, and fixed-line telephones as RF-EMF sources. Over a 3-month period, migraine frequency and severity were reported as significantly correlated with higher mobile phone and Wi-Fi use, while fixed-line…
Effect of exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields on melatonin levels in calves is seasonally dependent
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Sep 18, 2015
This animal study measured salivary melatonin in 1–2 month old calves exposed to 50 Hz extremely low frequency magnetic fields in the hundreds of nT range. The authors report a season-dependent response: melatonin decreased with exposure in winter but increased in summer. They suggest future studies should consider…
A cross-sectional study on oxidative stress in workers exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This cross-sectional study compared oxidative stress and genotoxicity biomarkers between 310 ELF-EMF-exposed inspection workers and 300 logistical staff controls. The authors report no statistically significant differences in antioxidant-related measures (T-AOC, GPx, SOD) or MDA, and no significant differences in…
[Influence of magnetic field on the growth of pathogen microorganisms isolated from the indoor environment at the Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This in vitro study exposed five microorganisms (including indoor isolates and reference strains) to an extremely low frequency magnetic field (60 Hz, 3 mT) for two hours. The authors report a statistically significant increase in colony counts in exposed samples versus controls, with stronger stimulation in nutrient…
Experimental model for ELF-EMF exposure: Concern for human health.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This in vitro study examined whether extremely low frequency EMF exposure alters MCP-1 expression in several human cell lines. Cells were exposed to a 50 Hz sinusoidal field at 1 mT (rms), and the authors report that MCP-1 expression was modified in a cell-type-dependent manner. The findings are described as…
Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on paraoxonase serum activity and lipid peroxidation metabolites in rat
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Aug 13, 2014
This randomized animal experiment examined whether 60 Hz extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) exposure alters oxidative stress-related biomarkers in 75 Wistar rats. The authors report increased lipid peroxidation markers after both single and 14-day exposures, alongside changes in antioxidant-related…
Sleep quality and general health status of employees exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic fields in a petrochemical complex
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Apr 29, 2014
This cross-sectional study measured ELF magnetic flux density in a petrochemical complex substation environment and assessed workers' sleep quality (PSQI) and general health (GHQ). It reports significant differences between case and control groups, with more sleep disorder and poorer health status in the case group.…
Assessment of the neurotoxic potential of exposure to 50Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) in naïve and chemically stressed PC12 cells
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This in vitro study tested acute (30 min) and sub-chronic (48 h) 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure up to 1000 µT in naïve and chemically stressed PC12 cells. Across assays of Ca2+ homeostasis, ROS production, and membrane integrity, the study reports no consistent or measurable neurotoxic effects under the tested conditions.…
Occupational exposure to intermediate frequency and extremely low frequency magnetic fields among personnel working near electronic article surveillance systems
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This workplace measurement study assessed intermediate frequency (IF) and extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field exposure among cashiers working near electronic article surveillance (EAS) systems in Finnish stores. Typical seated exposures were reported as well below limits, but short-term exceedances of ICNIRP…
No effects of power line frequency extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure on selected neurobehavior tests of workers inspecting transformers and distribution line stations versus controls
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This study evaluated whether occupational 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure near transformers and distribution power lines affects performance on several computer-based neurobehavior tests. Spot measurements found some electric-field locations above a national occupational standard, while all magnetic-field spots were below the…
Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field from Convective Air Warming System on Temperature Selection and Distance.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This study measured extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) emitted by a convective air warming (forced air warmer) device at different temperature settings and distances. Reported ELF-EMF levels increased with closer proximity and higher temperature settings, with mean values around 18 mG at 30 cm.…
The effect of extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field on in vitro fertilization success rate in N MRI mice.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This randomized comparative animal study tested whether extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field exposure affects IVF success in NMRI mice. Mice in the experimental group were exposed to a 1.3 mT pulsed field at 4 kHz for 5 hours during the IVF process. Although the exposed group showed a higher IVF…
Assessment of extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure from GSM mobile phones.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This paper reports extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic flux density measurements from 47 GSM mobile phones, collected to support exposure classification in the MOBI-KIDS epidemiological study. At 25 mm, maximum resultant magnetic flux density at 217 Hz had a geometric mean of 221 nT, and inclusion of harmonics…
The alteration of spontaneous low frequency oscillations caused by acute electromagnetic fields exposure.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This double-blind, randomized, crossover study examined whether 30 minutes of near-field LTE radiofrequency exposure near the right ear alters resting-state brain activity measured by fMRI. The authors report decreased ALFF in multiple temporal and frontal/paracentral regions after real exposure compared with sham,…
Effect of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field and GABAA Receptors on Serum Testosterone Level of Male Rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2013
This animal experiment tested whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure interacts with GABAA receptor modulation to affect serum testosterone in male rats. Rats were exposed for 30 days (8 hours/day) or sham exposed, then given saline, a GABAA antagonist (bicuculline), or a GABAA…
Effect of puerarin on matrix metalloproteinase-2 in human fetal scleral fibroblasts treated with low frequency electromagnetic fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2013
This in vitro study examined whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure alters MMP-2 expression in cultured human fetal scleral fibroblasts and whether puerarin modifies this response. The authors report increased MMP-2 mRNA and protein expression after 0.2 mT ELF-EMF exposure for 24…
Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure on sleep quality in high voltage substations.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2012
This case-control study measured electric field intensity and magnetic flux density in high voltage substations and estimated workers' ELF-EMF exposure over a shift. Sleep quality was assessed using the PSQI in 67 exposed workers and 110 controls. The study reports no statistically significant difference in overall…
Response identification in the extremely low frequency region of an electret condenser microphone.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2011
This engineering study describes an experimental setup using a small electret condenser microphone connected to a notebook/PC to detect extremely low frequency signals. Using a small air cell made from a drilled DVD plate with a speaker and microphone on opposite sides, the microphone captured signals in the 0.5–20…
Effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field on oxidative balance in brain of rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2011
This animal study examined whether an extremely low frequency magnetic field (7 mT, 40 Hz) used in magnetotherapy alters oxidative balance in rat brain after 10 days of exposure. The 30 min/day exposure condition was associated with increased lipid peroxidation, while the 60 min/day condition was associated with…
Effects of low frequency electromagnetic fields on the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2011
This in vitro study examined whether extremely low-frequency magnetic fields affect chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in pellet culture. Cells exposed for 3 weeks to a homogeneous sinusoidal 5 mT magnetic field showed increased collagen type II expression (significant at passage 6) and…