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This animal experiment randomized 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats to 900 MHz electromagnetic radiation exposure (4 h/day for 18 days) or no exposure. The exposed group showed increased oxidative stress markers in liver tissue (higher MDA, lower GSH) and reported histopathological changes, along with increased apoptosis…

This descriptive correlational study examined whether depression and attachment styles predict cell phone addiction among university students in Iran. Using self-report measures in 100 students, regression analysis found depression and avoidant attachment style were the strongest predictors of cell phone…

This experimental animal study examined RF EMF effects on reproduction in CBA mice and on the morphofunctional status of their offspring under two exposure models. The authors report that repeated short-term RF EMF exposure (5 days, 10 minutes per day, 1.2 mW/cm2) affected pregnancy course, litter number, fertility,…

This observational study measured the prevalence of cell phone use among 1,280 drivers in six Texas cities from 2011–2013. Any cell phone use while driving was observed in 18.7% of drivers, with talking tending to decline and texting seeming to increase over time. Use was more common among female drivers, drivers…

This cross-sectional study surveyed 358 university students about cell phone use after lights-out and related symptoms. Sixty percent reported late-night phone use, which was associated with insomnia, and initially with low energy, tiredness, and headache. After controlling for stressful events, only the association…

This in vitro study exposed human blood platelet suspensions to 1 kHz electromagnetic fields at 150 or 220 V/m for 30 or 60 minutes. The authors report increased ROS and MDA (at 220 V/m, 30 min) and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD-1 and catalase), with the largest changes at 220 V/m for 60 minutes. They…

This animal study exposed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field during the first 20 days of pregnancy and assessed prenatal renal development. The exposed group showed reported histopathological kidney changes and increased caspase-3 staining suggestive of higher apoptosis compared with…

This in vitro study examined whether extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) affect growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Bacterial cultures were exposed to sinusoidal homogeneous ELF-EMF at 2 or 4 mT, with frequencies of 20, 40, or 50 Hz, for 1–6 hours, and CFU were compared…

This in vitro study used voltage clamp recordings of single OmpF porin channels in an artificial bilayer to test effects of UHF EMF (910–990 MHz). The authors report frequency-dependent changes in channel gating, with increased gating frequency and voltage sensitivity and a maximum effect at 930 MHz. Conductance was…

This in vitro study examined whether extremely low frequency EMF exposure alters MCP-1 expression in several human cell lines. Cells were exposed to a 50 Hz sinusoidal field at 1 mT (rms), and the authors report that MCP-1 expression was modified in a cell-type-dependent manner. The findings are described as…

This analysis examined survival among 1678 glioma patients from two case-control study periods (1997–2003 and 2007–2009) in relation to wireless phone use. In the >20 years latency group, the authors report increased hazard ratios for glioma overall and for astrocytoma grade IV (glioblastoma multiforme), with hazard…

This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed whether mobile phone use or radiofrequency exposure is associated with semen quality. Across included studies, the meta-analysis found no adverse effects in human studies, but reported detrimental effects on sperm motility and viability in vitro and harmful effects on…

This 2014 systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis evaluated whether RF-EMR from mobile phones affects human sperm quality. Across 10 studies (1492 samples), exposure was associated with reduced sperm motility and reduced viability, while findings for sperm concentration were more equivocal. The abstract…