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Dose Estimation for Indoor Radon, Occupational Radiation, and Electromagnetic Field Exposure in a Nuclear Medicine Department in Turkiye.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This 1-year monitoring study assessed occupational ionizing radiation dose, indoor radon, and EMF-related electric field levels in a nuclear medicine department in Turkiye. Radiation worker doses were tracked with electronic personnel dosimeters, radon was measured at 2-month intervals to estimate annual dose and…

The use of different exposure metrics in the research about the health impacts of electromagnetic fields

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2024

This policy brief focuses on how RF-EMF exposure should be quantified in health research, emphasizing the role of near-field sources and proposing cumulative dose (J/kg/day) as a health-relevant metric. It reports mean cumulative dose estimates of 0.29 J/kg/day for the whole body and 0.81 J/kg/day for the brain. The…

Experimental Study of Stress Reactions Induced by Low-Intensity Microwave Radiation

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2024

This animal experiment examined hematopoietic and immune-related indicators in mice after repeated exposure to low-intensity microwave radiation. Exposure involved monochromatic pulsed fields in the 2.27–2.78 GHz range with average power flux density of 60 μW/cm² and doses of 0.086–0.86 J/g. The authors report…

The effects of radiofrequency exposure on male fertility: A systematic review of human observational studies with dose-response meta-analysis (SR 3)

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2024

This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis synthesizes human observational studies on radiofrequency EMF exposure and male fertility outcomes. It reports evidence of an association between RF exposure and poorer sperm parameters, including reduced quality, motility, and viability. The authors frame the…

Effects of Head-Only Exposure to 900 MHz GSM Electromagnetic Fields in Rats: Changes in Neuronal Activity as Revealed by c-Fos Imaging without Concomitant Cognitive Impairments.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2024

This rat study used a head-only 900 MHz GSM exposure system to assess brain activity changes via c-Fos imaging and to test spatial memory performance. Acute exposure (2 h) was associated with dose-dependent, region-specific increases in c-Fos expression, while repeated pre-training exposures were associated with…

Synergistic cytotoxic effects of an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field with doxorubicin on MCF-7 cell line.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2023

This in vitro study tested whether a 50 Hz, 20 mT extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) enhances the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin (DOX) in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The authors report that combining ELF-EMF with low-dose DOX reduced cell viability at lower DOX concentrations than DOX…

The effect of long-term radiofrequency exposure on cognition in human observational studies: A protocol for a systematic review.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2022

This paper presents a protocol for a systematic review of human observational studies assessing long-term radiofrequency (100 kHz to 300 GHz) EMF exposure and cognitive outcomes. It plans to include cohort and case-control studies with at least 6 months follow-up and validated cognitive measures, and to evaluate…

Radiofrequency EMF irradiation effects on pre-B lymphocytes undergoing somatic recombination.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2021

This in vitro study exposed developing pre-B lymphocytes undergoing V(D)J recombination to low-intensity RF EMFs for 48 hours across 720–1224 MHz. The authors report a frequency- and dose-dependent decrease in recombination, with stronger reductions around 950–1000 MHz at relatively low power densities. γH2AX levels…

Evaluation of the Validity of a Nonlinear J-Shaped Dose-Response Relationship in Cancers Induced by Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This review discusses the controversial evidence on mobile phone RF-EMF exposure and brain cancer. The authors argue that exposure magnitude may be a key factor contributing to inconsistent findings. They discuss evidence supporting a nonlinear J-shaped dose-response relationship for RF-EMF-related carcinogenesis.

Geobacter sulfurreducens-inoculated bioelectrochemical system reveals the potential of metabolic current in defining the effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field on living cells.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This laboratory study exposed a Geobacter sulfurreducens-inoculated bioelectrochemical system to 0–128 Gauss extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields. The authors report increased and oscillatory metabolic current under ELF-EMF exposure, with dose-dependent effects and a linear relationship between oscillation…

Electromagnetic fields exposure assessment among workers at broadcast centers in Poland.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This exposure assessment study estimated occupational RF electric-field exposure among workers at 4 broadcast centers in Poland using spot measurements and historical occupational hygiene data. Reported maximum and average electric-field values were below the Polish occupational exposure limit for a work shift. The…

SAR thresholds for electromagnetic exposure using functional thermal dose limits.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This paper analyzes how conservative current localized RF EMF SAR basic restrictions may be by estimating the implied safety factor. The authors derive thermal dose–functional SAR limits from literature-reported thresholds for acute local tissue damage and compare these to existing basic restrictions. They report…

The effects of microwave radiation on rabbit's retina.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This experimental rabbit study evaluated retinal effects of GSM cell phone simulator microwave irradiation at different distances and durations. ERG outcomes 7 days after exposure showed no statistically significant differences between groups, although irradiated eyes showed non-significant trends toward greater…

Calreticulin attenuated microwave radiation-induced human microvascular endothelial cell injury through promoting actin acetylation and polymerization.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This in vitro study exposed human microvascular endothelial cells to high-power microwave radiation at multiple power densities for 6 minutes and assessed cellular injury and cytoskeletal outcomes. The authors report dose-dependent injury from microwave exposure, including increased LDH leakage and reduced viability…

Microwave frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) produce widespread neuropsychiatric effects including depression

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2016

This 2016 narrative review proposes that non-thermal microwave/lower-frequency EMFs act primarily through activation of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), with calcium channel blockers reported to block EMF effects. It summarizes animal, occupational, and epidemiological literature and reports that exposures…

Disordered redox metabolism of brain cells in rats exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation or UHF electromagnetic radiation.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2016

This animal study assessed redox-state changes in rat brain cells after long-term low-intensity ionizing radiation exposure or fractionated non-thermal UHF electromagnetic radiation. Both exposures were associated with decreased ubisemiquinone and increased NO-FeS-protein complexes, alongside increased mitochondrial…

Memory performance, wireless communication and exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields: A prospective cohort study in adolescents

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2015

This prospective cohort study followed 439 adolescents for one year to assess whether wireless device use and estimated RF-EMF dose were associated with changes in memory performance. Higher cumulative mobile phone call duration and higher modeled RF-EMF brain and whole-body dose were associated with decreases in…

[Synergistic inhibitory effect of static magnetic field and antitumor drugs on Hepa1-6 cells].

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2015

This in vitro study tested whether a static magnetic field (SMF) could enhance the effects of cisplatin or adriamycin in Hepa1-6 tumor cells. The abstract reports that SMF combined with either drug increased growth inhibition and was associated with cell-cycle arrest, increased DNA damage, and more severe membrane…

Gamma radiation and magnetic field mediated delay in effect of accelerated ageing of soybean.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2015

This study evaluated gamma radiation and static magnetic field treatments on soybean seeds stored for six months and then subjected to accelerated ageing. The authors report that certain gamma doses (3–5 kGy) and magnetic field strengths (100–200 mT) helped maintain seed protein/oil characteristics and antioxidant…

[Study of the influence of uniform transverse magnetic field on the dose distribution of high energy electron beam using Monte Carlo method].

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2014

This engineering/medical physics study used Monte Carlo simulations to examine how a uniform transverse magnetic field affects the dose distribution of a 30 MeV electron beam in a water phantom. The abstract reports substantial changes in depth-dose, including reduced range and a pronounced end-of-range dose peak…

Investigating short-term exposure to electromagnetic fields on reproductive capacity of invertebrates in the field situation.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2014

This field experiment examined short-term (48-hour) exposure to RF EMF from a GSM 900 MHz mobile phone base station on reproductive endpoints in four invertebrate species. The study reports no significant effects of exposure metrics on fecundity or number of offspring, and notes that distance was not a suitable proxy…

Optimization of a therapeutic electromagnetic field (EMF) to retard breast cancer tumor growth and vascularity.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2014

This animal study evaluated a therapeutic 120 Hz pulsed EMF device (10–20 mT) in C3H mice bearing implanted murine mammary adenocarcinoma tumors. Across seven treated groups, EMF exposure over 12 days was reported to suppress tumor growth, with specific dose/time regimens described as most effective. The authors also…

Increased Radioresistance to Lethal Doses of Gamma Rays in Mice and Rats after Exposure to Microwave Radiation Emitted by a GSM Mobile Phone Simulator.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2013

This animal study tested whether pre-exposure to microwave radiation from a GSM mobile phone simulator could induce a radioadaptive response to a subsequent lethal whole-body gamma dose. In mice, pre-exposure to microwave radiation, low dose rate gamma radiation, or both was associated with significantly different…

[Study on dewatering of activated sludge under applied electric field].

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2012

This engineering study investigated factors affecting electro-dewatering of activated sludge under a horizontal applied electric field. It reports optimal performance without altering sludge pH or conductivity and finds that CPAM conditioning improves and accelerates dewatering. The authors provide operating…

Correction of microcirculatory disturbances with terahertz electromagnetic radiation at nitric oxide frequencies in albino rats under conditions of acute stress.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2011

This animal study reports that terahertz electromagnetic irradiation at nitric oxide (NO)-related frequencies (150.176150.664 GHz) corrected peripheral microcirculatory disturbances in albino rats experiencing acute immobilization stress. The abstract frames the effect as a correction of stress-related peripheral…

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