This laboratory study examined whether a 900 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) influences the behavior of newly emerged honey bee workers. Compared with controls, the exposed groups showed behavioral changes, with some parameters showing statistically significant differences seven days after exposure. The authors frame RF-EMF as a potential environmental stressor and call for further research, including gene expression analyses.

This review discusses the rapid deployment of 5G and the associated debate about potential human health impacts from EMF exposure, particularly at 3.5–26 GHz including millimeter waves. It emphasizes limited published studies in these exposure ranges and highlights EU-funded initiatives and research consortia aimed at closing knowledge gaps. The authors state that guidelines are generally considered adequate at present, but argue that uncertainties—especially regarding long-term exposure—support continued research and precautionary approaches.

This cross-sectional study of 104 university student volunteers assessed whether mobile phone-emitted non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation is associated with changes in parotid gland-related salivary measures. The authors report higher salivary flow rate and pH with longer mobile phone usage duration, along with side-related differences in albumin, IMA, and IMAR. The paper concludes that consistent exposure to mobile phone NIER and associated heat adversely affects parotid gland function and frames this as a health risk, while calling for further long-term research.

This paper is a commentary reviewing how Bradford Hill’s epidemiological criteria can be applied to multidisciplinary evidence on RF-EMF exposure and adverse health effects. It reports that systematic reviews and meta-analyses in this area often reach substantially different conclusions, and argues that key weaknesses in primary studies—especially exposure measurement error and insufficient time for long-latency tumors—help explain the divergence. The author suggests these limitations may cause underestimation of potential causation if the associations are truly causal, and calls for independent guidelines to improve future epidemiological research quality.

This systematic review evaluated RF EMF exposure and cancer outcomes in experimental animals, including chronic cancer bioassays and tumor-promotion designs. Across 52 included studies, the authors report high certainty of evidence for increased malignant heart schwannomas and gliomas in male rats, and moderate certainty for increased risks of several other tumor types. Many other organ systems showed no or minimal evidence of carcinogenic effects, and the authors note challenges in translating animal findings to human risk assessment due to exposure and mechanistic uncertainties.

This animal study exposed adult male rats to 2.45 GHz Wi‑Fi from an active router for 4 or 24 hours daily over eight weeks and assessed reproductive organ histology and sperm parameters. The authors report histological changes in testes and epididymis, multifocal atypical hyperplasia in seminal vesicles, reduced seminiferous tubule diameter, and reduced spermatogenesis index in exposed groups. Sperm concentration decreased in both exposed groups, motility decreased in the 4-hour group, and viability increased in the 24-hour group, leading to an overall interpretation of potential reproductive risk under the studied conditions.

This animal study exposed fertilized chick eggs to a nearby 1800 MHz mobile phone that was called repeatedly (50 minutes/day) and assessed embryos at days 10 and 15. The exposed group reportedly showed mitochondrial abnormalities in liver, brain, and heart tissues on electron microscopy, along with increased HSP70 in cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. The authors conclude that radio-frequency electromagnetic waves can induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in developing embryos.

This analytical study evaluated machine learning models (SVM and Random Forest) to predict health symptoms in adults living near mobile phone base stations. The SVM model reportedly achieved high predictive performance for headache, sleep disturbance, dizziness, vertigo, and fatigue, and outperformed Random Forest and prior models. The abstract concludes that proximity to base stations is connected with increased prevalence of several symptoms and emphasizes distance, age, and duration of residence as key predictors.

This letter critiques the WHO-sponsored systematic review by Karipidis et al. (2024) on RF-EMF exposure and cancer risk. The authors argue the review has serious methodological and interpretative flaws, including issues with study selection and data analysis. They contend that the review’s conclusion of "no clear evidence" may be misleading and should not be used as a basis for health policy or safety guidelines.

This narrative review discusses potential public health consequences of widespread mobile phone use and the controversy around long-term cancer risks. It states that evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies suggests long-term exposure to mobile phone emissions may be linked to a small to moderate increased risk of certain cancers, while also emphasizing that data are insufficient for a final risk assessment. The author argues that even small risks could matter at the population level and that exposure-reduction measures may be indicated given uncertainties.