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This animal study examined maternal mobile phone exposure during different gestational windows in Wistar rats and assessed ovarian development and hormones in neonatal offspring. Compared with sham (phone off), exposed groups (standby and conversation/standby) were reported to have lower neonatal estrogen and…

This animal study examined prenatal 900 MHz EMF exposure (2 hours/day for 21 days) in pregnant rats and assessed spinal cord outcomes in male offspring at postnatal day 35. Volume-based stereological measures (GM/WM ratios and total spinal cord volume) did not differ significantly between groups. Microscopy reported…

This animal study examined whether continuous prenatal exposure to 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation (simulating Wi‑Fi) affects thyroid tissue in rat offspring at 6 months. The exposed group showed significantly increased mononuclear cell infiltration and vascular congestion in thyroid histology. TUNEL-positive cell…

This rat study examined prenatal stress, prenatal ELF-EMF exposure, and their combination on adult male offspring outcomes at postnatal day 90. Prenatal stress increased serum corticosterone but did not change spatial memory, while combined stress+ELF-EMF disrupted memory acquisition. ELF-EMF exposure was associated…

This animal study examined whether prenatal mobile phone RF exposure affects brain injury markers and outcomes after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in rats. The HI/Exposure group showed higher MMP-9 expression along with increased inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, larger infarct volume and edema, and worse…

This animal study examined liver outcomes in rat offspring 60 days after prenatal exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field for 24 hours/day during gestation. The exposed group showed biochemical changes consistent with oxidative stress (higher MDA, lower GSH) and elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST). Histopathology…